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A級考前技巧輔導(dǎo)-閱讀(2)
今天我們就來看看推斷性題的一些解決方法.?
這類題要求在讀懂原文的基礎(chǔ)上，領(lǐng)悟作者的言外之意。這種題的答案一般在原文中不能直接找到，需作一定的推理和判斷。主要包括：作者的態(tài)度、寫作風(fēng)格、對數(shù)字的推斷、
對細(xì)節(jié)的推斷。
（一）常見的出題形式?
The author implies that ...?
It can be easily guessed that ...?
We can learn from the passage that ...?
It can be concluded from the passage that ...?
The passage suggested that ...?
The passage is intended to ...?
We can infer that ...?
The tone of the passage may be ...?
In the author’s opinion ...?
The author’s purpose of writing the passage is that ...?
這類題的答案并非原文的句子，閱讀時要理解字里行間的含義。有時需作一些判斷，或需用表
同義關(guān)系的詞來替換。解答此類題需注意：(1)從文章整體上把握理解全文；(2)緊緊圍繞相
關(guān)部分提供的背景事實和常識進(jìn)行推理；(3)把握推理范圍，不只憑原文提供的信息。下面
進(jìn)行分類介紹：?
(二)推斷作者的態(tài)度/意圖?
褒義詞包括：positive, useful, efficient?
貶義詞包括：negative, disgusting, critical, tolerant, disapproving?
中性詞包括：indifferent, neutral, apathetic?
要捕捉作者的態(tài)度，需抓住文章中的詞匯暗示，才能弄清作者的態(tài)度是贊成還是反對，是肯
定還是否定。?
例題：?
It’s true that city dwellers and suburbanites can enjoy certain facilities that may be denied to the inhabitants of small towns. What they miss, however, far outweighs such advantages, which, in any case, the vast majority rarely has the time or energy to take advantage of.?
本段中用來說明城市人所缺少的比他們所擁有的更為重要。緊接著后一句又補充說明，即便
城市中擁有，但大多數(shù)人卻沒時間享用，由此看來，作者對城市生活持否定態(tài)度。文中還會
出現(xiàn)兩種或兩種以上的不同態(tài)度，作者先介紹一種觀點，緊接著后提出另一種不同甚至完全
相反的觀點，這就要弄清作者真正的觀點，其真正的觀點經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后，或者通
過引出作者所關(guān)注的問題，表明作者的態(tài)度和觀點。?
(三)推斷作者的寫作目的?
分析作者的寫作目的，也需建立在理解全文基礎(chǔ)之上，有以下幾種可能性：?
批評時事——criticize傳達(dá)信息——inform?
娛樂讀者——entertain揭示事實——disclose?
如果是批判性文章則用詞較正式，語氣偏主觀，否定詞較多；如果是傳達(dá)信息的文章，則
用詞正式、平和，語氣較客觀，不會攙雜個人觀點；如果是娛樂性文章，語氣輕松、活潑
，用詞偏于非正式。?
例題：?
Mosquitoes are everywhere. They can be found all over the world and they come in more than 2500 species. Somewhere, at some time, you have surely met at least one. No one loves the mosquitoes. But unfortunately the mosquito may decide that
she loves you. She? Yes. She. Did you know that only the female mosquito bites?
Well, it’s true. And it’s not because she’s unfriendly; she needs blood to repro
duce.?
Do you know how the female mosquito decides whom to bite? She’s quite selective,and she chooses her victims carefully. First, she uses sensors to find her victim. These sensors are located on her two antennae and her three pairs of legs. With these sensors, she likes what she finds, she bites, but if don’t appeal to her, she will reject you for someone more appetizing. The next time a mosquito bites you, just remember that you were chosen. You are special. All mosquitoes, male or female, pass through their early stages of development in or near water. In fact, mosquito eggs will not hatch without water—although the eggs can survive up to five years on dry land waiting for water. It’s not surprising that heavy rain produce large numbers of mosquitoes.?
The author writes this passage to ___.?
A) inform B) amuse C) entertain D) criticize?
這是一篇介紹蚊子的生活習(xí)性的說明文，語氣輕松、平和，用詞及句子結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單。從幾個
Do you know ...句子之類的問題可以斷定，作者是在傳遞信息，告知我們所不知道的事情
，另外根據(jù)說明文的特點，都可推斷出作者的寫作目的是選項A）inform。?
(四)對細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推理?
作者為了說明一個主題或觀點，通常會作出一系列的論述或解釋，采用的方法可能是舉例、論證、擺事實、提出問題或指出原因。在作答此類問題時應(yīng)從原文的字句中找到推理的依據(jù)，然后進(jìn)行推斷。?
例題：?
Have you ever heard of a star that doesn’t shine? Some stars have used up all their fuel. These are called “dead stars”. Scientists believe these stars must be very large and heavy, because they seem to push and pull other stars around them. Since we cannot see these dead stars, how do we know they exist? Scientists can determine their existence by studying the movements of stars that do shine.
The story implies, but does not directly state that dead stars ___.?
A) affect other stars
B) are too far away to be seen?
C) force all smaller stars away
D) do reflect light?
從題干入手，此題與dead stars有關(guān)，其后的陳述是關(guān)于dead stars的，分析其用詞的特點
，首先用兩形容詞large和heavy描述其特點，然后用because從句作進(jìn)一步解釋。最后一句
是作者推理的結(jié)果。由此可推斷A項是答案。?
例題：?
Newspapers, along with reporting the news, instruct, entertain, and give opinions. An important way for reading a large, big-city newspaper is knowing how to take it apart. Can you find these separate sections: world news, national and local news, sports, business, entertainment, opinions, classified ads? Does your paper have other sections??
News stories give facts, not the author’s opinions. Editorials do the opposite; you can expect an editorial to take sides. Some newspaper editorials have a by-line with the author’s name, but many newspapers have unsigned editorials. These reflect the opinions of the publisher or editor.?
You can be a better reader if you know what to expect in a newspaper. For example, you can expect headlines to omit unnecessary words. You can expect to find th
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