下學(xué)期 Unit 15 What do people eat
教學(xué)建議
教材內(nèi)容分析
本單元主要圍繞“飲食”這個問題展開教學(xué)。結(jié)合“邀請”，“同意和不同意”等表達方式的教學(xué)，通過對話和課文使學(xué)生掌握相關(guān)的食品詞匯并了解和掌握一些國家的飲食習(xí)慣和所喜愛的食品。圍繞這一教學(xué)中心反復(fù)引導(dǎo)和組織學(xué)生進行不同視角的操練，在語法上總結(jié)歸納了簡單句的五種基本句型。
Lesson 57主要教學(xué)與“飲食”有關(guān)的一些詞匯，并對食品進行分類，通過邀請用餐用語的練習(xí)來鞏固所學(xué)知識。
Lesson 58教學(xué)閱讀課文，介紹不同國家的人民所喜好的食品，并通過對課文的問答練習(xí)“同意與不同意”的交際用語。
Lesson 59 包括兩部分內(nèi)容：總結(jié)簡單句的五種基本句型，討論中西方對待家庭觀念的差異的兩篇小短文，并繼續(xù)練習(xí)“同意與不同意”的交際用語。
Lesson 60主要是通過對話教學(xué)就餐用語，了解一些英國的傳統(tǒng)食品，還有與食品有關(guān)的聽力和寫作練習(xí).
詞匯教學(xué)
1．本單元的詞匯主要是關(guān)系“食品”的。教師可利用實物、投影片、圖片或簡筆畫等手段教學(xué)本單元出現(xiàn)的有關(guān)單詞，然后與學(xué)生一起進行分類。如：
水果類（Fruit）：apple，banana，nut，orange，pear，melon，pea
蔬菜類（Vegetables）：carrot，onion，potato，pepper，cabbage
2．將表示容量的詞和食品名詞連用，以說明食品的數(shù)量。如：
a（two/ three..）bottle(s) of orange juice/water/ apple juice…
a（two/ three…）glass（es）of milk/ tea/ water…
a（two/ three…）piece（s）of bred/ duck…
a（two/ three…）kilo(s) of apples/ onions…
口語訓(xùn)練
本單元的口語主要是Would you like to…？Could you…？及help yourself to…。我們可以根據(jù)以前所學(xué)的內(nèi)容結(jié)合本單元的教學(xué)實際，編制一些對話，讓學(xué)生進行訓(xùn)練。如：
1. Tom: It’s time for lunch. Are you hungry?
Lucy: Yes, I am.
Tom: Would you like to have something?
Lucy: Yes, please.
Tom: What would you like?
Lucy: I would like to have some rice, meat and some soup with eggs and tomatoes.
Tom: Here you are! Please help yourself.
2. A: Today is Sunday. We are going to have some real English food.
B: Really? What is it?
A: Guess?
B: Oh, fish and chips. My favourite food. May I have more, please?
A: Certainly.
B: How delicious!
A: Would you like some more?
B: No, thanks. I'm lull now.
A: If you have time, I would like to ask you to have some Chinese food—Beijing duck next time.
B: Oh, thanks a lot. I'm sure to come if you ask me next time.
閱讀訓(xùn)練
本單元第58課、第59兩課是閱讀課文。第58課主要介紹一些國家大眾化的食品。老師先組織和指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀，然后用“Yes”和“No”回答的一般疑問句檢查學(xué)生掌握課文的熟悉程度。在此基礎(chǔ)上組織學(xué)生集體或個人高聲朗讀，最后讓學(xué)生討論課文前的三個問題，從而達到全面掌握課文內(nèi)容的目的。
本課也可采用導(dǎo)入 法，可先讓學(xué)生看課文插圖，看看他們是否知道圖中每道食品分別是哪國的代表食品，然后讓他們閱讀課文。本課的閱讀、討論活動也為第60課的寫作訓(xùn)練作了鋪墊。
第59課的兩段文字，分別出自兩個不同國度的女孩之四。一個女孩來自中國的城市家庭，一個女孩來自印度的農(nóng)村家庭。兩個家庭的成員對于干家務(wù)活有著一些不同的態(tài)度。學(xué)生在讀完課文以后，要求對文后所列出的問題進行討論。Do you help your parents with the housework? What do you usually do? Do you like to do the housework? Do you agree with Indira? Why or why not?等等。這樣的小文章話題學(xué)生非常熟悉，而且與他們的實際生活密切相關(guān)，學(xué)生一定會感興趣的。
學(xué)法建議
1．本單元的詞匯主要是關(guān)于一些食品的名稱，學(xué)生可以在老師的指導(dǎo)下利用圖片、實物進行歸納記憶。
2．學(xué)生在熟讀課文的基礎(chǔ)上可以自由分組，用英語討論有關(guān)國家的飲食習(xí)慣和所喜愛的食物。假設(shè)周末晚上你和你的同學(xué)或朋友去餐館用餐，就等座、點萊、就餐、付費、離開等一系列過程編一段對話進行練習(xí)。
重點、難點、疑點分析
（一）重點、難點
A．單詞及短語
few, Italian, Indian, seem, make, a bit (of), take-away, order, famous
B．句子
1. Would you like to have dinner with me tonight?
2. Could you pass me the cheese, please?
3. In England, one of the most popular kinds of food is fish and chips.
4.Mmm,it must be more delicious!
5. Not today, dear. Next time!
6. Today we’re going to have something English.
C．語法
簡單句的五種基本句型。
（二）疑點
A．單詞
both，either，neither的區(qū)別。
both表示“兩者都”，either表示“兩者中任何一個”，nether表示“兩者都不”。both作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。而either，neither作主語時謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
B．句子
1. Help yourself to some soup．
help yourself to表示“自使，隨意”的意思。
2. I'd love to, but I'm afraid I can't．
I’d love to意為“我很樂意”，相當(dāng)于I’d like to，常用來作Would you like…？的答語，其中的to不能省略。
3. I like Chinese tea without anything in it．
without是介詞，如果后面跟代詞應(yīng)該用賓格，如后面跟動詞需用V-ing形式。without anything=with nothing。
4. They eat a lot of potatoes．So do we．
a lot of相當(dāng)于often。So do we．是so+助動詞／情態(tài)動詞+主語表示“前面所說的情況也適用于另外的人或物”。時態(tài)要與前面的句子一致。
簡單句的五種基本句型的教學(xué)
1．首先講解簡單句的五種基本句型的構(gòu)成。
1）S + vi (主語 + 不及物動詞) 如：He walks.
2）S + vi +O (主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語) 如：He sing a song.
3）S + link v. + P (主語 + 聯(lián)系動詞 + 表語) 如：I am a teacher.
4）S + vt. + IO + DO (主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語) 如：
I gave him a book yesterday.
5）S + vt + O + OC (主語 +及物動詞 十賓語 十賓語補足語) 如：
He asked me to finish my homework first.
解釋S代表主語Subject，V代表動詞Verb，O代表賓語Object，P代表表語，Predicative In 代表間接賓語Indirect，D代表直接賓語direct，C代表補足語complement。
2．要學(xué)生說出課本上的句子各屬于哪種類型，指出句子中的每部分，然后教師詳細分析每個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。教師要告訴學(xué)生這里的be(am, is, are)動詞叫做系動詞。英語中一些不及物動詞可以用作連系動詞，如：feel (happy), get(shorter), turn (green), look(the same), etc.利用課本中的句子向?qū)W生講解什么詞和短語可以充當(dāng)表語。名詞或名詞短語，形容詞，數(shù)詞，介詞短語都可在系動詞后作表語。如：
I am in Grade three. His mother felt better.
3．讓學(xué)生反復(fù)朗讀課本所給的句子，然后教師應(yīng)給出更多的典型句子讓學(xué)生進行訓(xùn)練（讀，翻譯并指出所屬類型。如：
1.The soldiers kept their clothes clean and tidy.
2.Mother showed us a beautiful photo.
3.The teacher gave us a hard piece of work.
4.Anna speaks Russian.
5.Daddy bought Tom a new bike.
6.Jim brought me my English book.
7.You must wait.
8.The picture looks beautiful.
9.The food is delicious.
10.Mr. Wu teaches English.
簡單句的五種基本句型
一、S+V
這種句型有兩種句式：
1．主語+謂語（不及物動詞）
例如：The baby can speak．這個嬰兒會說話了。
2．主語+謂語（不及物動詞）+狀語 例如：
The children are playing happily．孩子們正在高興地玩。
二、S + V + O
這種句型中的動詞（V）為及物動詞，賓語（O）常為名詞、代詞、動名詞或動詞不定式等。例如：
I want a ruler. 我想要一把尺子。
They enjoy living in China．他們喜歡住在中國。
I hope to go there soon．我希望不久去那兒。
三、S + V + P
這種句型中的動詞為連系動詞，表語（P）常為形容詞、名詞、代詞、介詞短語等。初中階段常見的連系動詞有be，get（變），become（變得），turn（變），look（看起來），feel， smell，taste，seem等。例如：
Ann felt happy．安感到很快樂。
He is a student．他是一名學(xué)生。
The cat is in that tree．貓在那棵樹上。
四、S + V + InO + DO
這種句型中的及物動詞后跟雙賓語，指人的賓語稱為間接賓語（InO），指物的賓語稱為直接賓語（DO），通常間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后。也可把間接賓語置于直接賓語后，但間接賓語前需用介詞for或to。
l．與for連用的動詞有buy，get，find，cook，make，sing，choose等。例如：
My father bought me a story-book．
=My father bought a story-book for me．我父親給我買了一本故事書。
2．與to連用的動詞
give，bring，send，tell，teach，pass，return，take，lend等。例如：Please give me your pen．
＝Please give your pen to me．請把你的鋼筆給我。
3．既可與for也可與to連用的動詞有bring，do，leave，play，write等。例如：Please bring me the exercise-book tomorrow．
＝ Please bring the exercise-book for／to me tomorrow. 明天請把練習(xí)本給我?guī)怼?/p>
注意：若直接賓語是人稱代詞時，則必須將其置于間接賓語之前。例如：
誤：Give me it，please.
正：Give it to me，please．
五、S + V + O + OC
這種句型的及物動詞后的賓語還需跟上賓語補足語（OC）意思才完整，賓語和賓語補足語合稱為復(fù)合賓語。可用作賓語補足語的有名詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語等。
1．后跟名詞作賓語補足語的動詞常用call，name，make，choose，think等。例如： We can call him Jim for short．我們可以簡稱他為吉姆。
2．后跟形容詞作賓語補足語的動詞常用keep，make，find，get，think等。例如： We must keep our classroom clean．我們必須保持我們的教室清潔。
3．動詞不定式作賓語補足語有以下三種情況：
①后跟帶to的不定式作賓語補足語的動詞常用的有ask, tell, want, teach, wish, get等。例如：
Mr. Hu asked us to talk about English name．胡老師請我們談?wù)動说拿帧?/p>
②后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語的動詞可歸納為“一感（feel）”、“二聽（listen to， hear）”、“三讓（let，make，hay）”、“四看（see，look at，watch，notice）”。例如：
Let me help you．讓我?guī)椭恪?/p>
I often see him play basketball on the playground. 我經(jīng)常看到他在操場上打籃球。
③help后跟不定式作賓語補足語時，不定式既可帶to也可不帶to。例如：
Children should often help their parents（to）do some housework．孩子們應(yīng)經(jīng)常幫父母干些家務(wù)活兒。
4．后跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞常用feel，listen to，hear，see，look at，watch， notice，find，keep等。例如：
We heard someone singing in the next room. 我們聽到有人在隔壁唱歌。
5．后跟介詞短語作賓語補足語的動詞常用keep，find，take等。例如：
We found him at school．我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在學(xué)校。
Help oneself 的幾種含義
help oneself在口語中是一個常用的短語，不少同學(xué)以為它只是一個含義“請隨便吃……”，其實它不僅僅這一個意思，在口語中它的含義可歸納以下幾種：
1．用于招呼客人吃東西時，意為“請隨便吃”、“別客氣”等。
①Help yourself. 請隨便吃。
②Help yourself to some fish. 請隨便吃些魚吧。
③Help yourselves to the beef and chicken, children. 孩子們，請隨便吃些牛肉和雞肉。
2．表示客氣地允許別人拿或使用某物，意為“請便”、“自己拿吧”等。
①A: May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的詞典嗎？
B: Yes, help yourself. 可以，自己拿吧。
②A: Can I have a cold drink, Tom? 湯姆，我能喝杯冷飲嗎？
B: Of course, please help yourself. 當(dāng)然，請自便。
3．表示隨意取用和自由取食，有時也可用來表示擅自取用、偷竊。
①I felt terrible and didn’t help myself to any food at the party. 在晚會上，我感覺不舒服，什么也沒吃。
②There was no one in the room at that time, so he helped himself to the money on the table, I’m sure. 我相信，那時房里沒有人，所以他就偷了桌子上的錢。
教學(xué)建議
教材內(nèi)容分析
本單元主要圍繞“飲食”這個問題展開教學(xué)。結(jié)合“邀請”，“同意和不同意”等表達方式的教學(xué)，通過對話和課文使學(xué)生掌握相關(guān)的食品詞匯并了解和掌握一些國家的飲食習(xí)慣和所喜愛的食品。圍繞這一教學(xué)中心反復(fù)引導(dǎo)和組織學(xué)生進行不同視角的操練，在語法上總結(jié)歸納了簡單句的五種基本句型。
Lesson 57主要教學(xué)與“飲食”有關(guān)的一些詞匯，并對食品進行分類，通過邀請用餐用語的練習(xí)來鞏固所學(xué)知識。
Lesson 58教學(xué)閱讀課文，介紹不同國家的人民所喜好的食品，并通過對課文的問答練習(xí)“同意與不同意”的交際用語。
Lesson 59 包括兩部分內(nèi)容：總結(jié)簡單句的五種基本句型，討論中西方對待家庭觀念的差異的兩篇小短文，并繼續(xù)練習(xí)“同意與不同意”的交際用語。
Lesson 60主要是通過對話教學(xué)就餐用語，了解一些英國的傳統(tǒng)食品，還有與食品有關(guān)的聽力和寫作練習(xí).
詞匯教學(xué)
1．本單元的詞匯主要是關(guān)系“食品”的。教師可利用實物、投影片、圖片或簡筆畫等手段教學(xué)本單元出現(xiàn)的有關(guān)單詞，然后與學(xué)生一起進行分類。如：
水果類（Fruit）：apple，banana，nut，orange，pear，melon，pea
蔬菜類（Vegetables）：carrot，onion，potato，pepper，cabbage
2．將表示容量的詞和食品名詞連用，以說明食品的數(shù)量。如：
a（two/ three..）bottle(s) of orange juice/water/ apple juice…
a（two/ three…）glass（es）of milk/ tea/ water…
a（two/ three…）piece（s）of bred/ duck…
a（two/ three…）kilo(s) of apples/ onions…
口語訓(xùn)練
本單元的口語主要是Would you like to…？Could you…？及help yourself to…。我們可以根據(jù)以前所學(xué)的內(nèi)容結(jié)合本單元的教學(xué)實際，編制一些對話，讓學(xué)生進行訓(xùn)練。如：
1. Tom: It’s time for lunch. Are you hungry?
Lucy: Yes, I am.
Tom: Would you like to have something?
Lucy: Yes, please.
Tom: What would you like?
Lucy: I would like to have some rice, meat and some soup with eggs and tomatoes.
Tom: Here you are! Please help yourself.
2. A: Today is Sunday. We are going to have some real English food.
B: Really? What is it?
A: Guess?
B: Oh, fish and chips. My favourite food. May I have more, please?
A: Certainly.
B: How delicious!
A: Would you like some more?
B: No, thanks. I'm lull now.
A: If you have time, I would like to ask you to have some Chinese food—Beijing duck next time.
B: Oh, thanks a lot. I'm sure to come if you ask me next time.
閱讀訓(xùn)練
本單元第58課、第59兩課是閱讀課文。第58課主要介紹一些國家大眾化的食品。老師先組織和指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀，然后用“Yes”和“No”回答的一般疑問句檢查學(xué)生掌握課文的熟悉程度。在此基礎(chǔ)上組織學(xué)生集體或個人高聲朗讀，最后讓學(xué)生討論課文前的三個問題，從而達到全面掌握課文內(nèi)容的目的。
本課也可采用導(dǎo)入 法，可先讓學(xué)生看課文插圖，看看他們是否知道圖中每道食品分別是哪國的代表食品，然后讓他們閱讀課文。本課的閱讀、討論活動也為第60課的寫作訓(xùn)練作了鋪墊。
第59課的兩段文字，分別出自兩個不同國度的女孩之四。一個女孩來自中國的城市家庭，一個女孩來自印度的農(nóng)村家庭。兩個家庭的成員對于干家務(wù)活有著一些不同的態(tài)度。學(xué)生在讀完課文以后，要求對文后所列出的問題進行討論。Do you help your parents with the housework? What do you usually do? Do you like to do the housework? Do you agree with Indira? Why or why not?等等。這樣的小文章話題學(xué)生非常熟悉，而且與他們的實際生活密切相關(guān)，學(xué)生一定會感興趣的。
學(xué)法建議
1．本單元的詞匯主要是關(guān)于一些食品的名稱，學(xué)生可以在老師的指導(dǎo)下利用圖片、實物進行歸納記憶。
2．學(xué)生在熟讀課文的基礎(chǔ)上可以自由分組，用英語討論有關(guān)國家的飲食習(xí)慣和所喜愛的食物。假設(shè)周末晚上你和你的同學(xué)或朋友去餐館用餐，就等座、點萊、就餐、付費、離開等一系列過程編一段對話進行練習(xí)。
重點、難點、疑點分析
（一）重點、難點
A．單詞及短語
few, Italian, Indian, seem, make, a bit (of), take-away, order, famous
B．句子
1. Would you like to have dinner with me tonight?
2. Could you pass me the cheese, please?
3. In England, one of the most popular kinds of food is fish and chips.
4.Mmm,it must be more delicious!
5. Not today, dear. Next time!
6. Today we’re going to have something English.
C．語法
簡單句的五種基本句型。
（二）疑點
A．單詞
both，either，neither的區(qū)別。
both表示“兩者都”，either表示“兩者中任何一個”，nether表示“兩者都不”。both作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。而either，neither作主語時謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
B．句子
1. Help yourself to some soup．
help yourself to表示“自使，隨意”的意思。
2. I'd love to, but I'm afraid I can't．
I’d love to意為“我很樂意”，相當(dāng)于I’d like to，常用來作Would you like…？的答語，其中的to不能省略。
3. I like Chinese tea without anything in it．
without是介詞，如果后面跟代詞應(yīng)該用賓格，如后面跟動詞需用V-ing形式。without anything=with nothing。
4. They eat a lot of potatoes．So do we．
a lot of相當(dāng)于often。So do we．是so+助動詞／情態(tài)動詞+主語表示“前面所說的情況也適用于另外的人或物”。時態(tài)要與前面的句子一致。
簡單句的五種基本句型的教學(xué)
1．首先講解簡單句的五種基本句型的構(gòu)成。
1）S + vi (主語 + 不及物動詞) 如：He walks.
2）S + vi +O (主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語) 如：He sing a song.
3）S + link v. + P (主語 + 聯(lián)系動詞 + 表語) 如：I am a teacher.
4）S + vt. + IO + DO (主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語) 如：
I gave him a book yesterday.
5）S + vt + O + OC (主語 +及物動詞 十賓語 十賓語補足語) 如：
He asked me to finish my homework first.
解釋S代表主語Subject，V代表動詞Verb，O代表賓語Object，P代表表語，Predicative In 代表間接賓語Indirect，D代表直接賓語direct，C代表補足語complement。
2．要學(xué)生說出課本上的句子各屬于哪種類型，指出句子中的每部分，然后教師詳細分析每個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。教師要告訴學(xué)生這里的be(am, is, are)動詞叫做系動詞。英語中一些不及物動詞可以用作連系動詞，如：feel (happy), get(shorter), turn (green), look(the same), etc.利用課本中的句子向?qū)W生講解什么詞和短語可以充當(dāng)表語。名詞或名詞短語，形容詞，數(shù)詞，介詞短語都可在系動詞后作表語。如：
I am in Grade three. His mother felt better.
3．讓學(xué)生反復(fù)朗讀課本所給的句子，然后教師應(yīng)給出更多的典型句子讓學(xué)生進行訓(xùn)練（讀，翻譯并指出所屬類型。如：
1.The soldiers kept their clothes clean and tidy.
2.Mother showed us a beautiful photo.
3.The teacher gave us a hard piece of work.
4.Anna speaks Russian.
5.Daddy bought Tom a new bike.
6.Jim brought me my English book.
7.You must wait.
8.The picture looks beautiful.
9.The food is delicious.
10.Mr. Wu teaches English.
簡單句的五種基本句型
一、S+V
這種句型有兩種句式：
1．主語+謂語（不及物動詞）
例如：The baby can speak．這個嬰兒會說話了。
2．主語+謂語（不及物動詞）+狀語 例如：
The children are playing happily．孩子們正在高興地玩。
二、S + V + O
這種句型中的動詞（V）為及物動詞，賓語（O）常為名詞、代詞、動名詞或動詞不定式等。例如：
I want a ruler. 我想要一把尺子。
They enjoy living in China．他們喜歡住在中國。
I hope to go there soon．我希望不久去那兒。
三、S + V + P
這種句型中的動詞為連系動詞，表語（P）常為形容詞、名詞、代詞、介詞短語等。初中階段常見的連系動詞有be，get（變），become（變得），turn（變），look（看起來），feel， smell，taste，seem等。例如：
Ann felt happy．安感到很快樂。
He is a student．他是一名學(xué)生。
The cat is in that tree．貓在那棵樹上。
四、S + V + InO + DO
這種句型中的及物動詞后跟雙賓語，指人的賓語稱為間接賓語（InO），指物的賓語稱為直接賓語（DO），通常間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后。也可把間接賓語置于直接賓語后，但間接賓語前需用介詞for或to。
l．與for連用的動詞有buy，get，find，cook，make，sing，choose等。例如：
My father bought me a story-book．
=My father bought a story-book for me．我父親給我買了一本故事書。
2．與to連用的動詞
give，bring，send，tell，teach，pass，return，take，lend等。例如：Please give me your pen．
＝Please give your pen to me．請把你的鋼筆給我。
3．既可與for也可與to連用的動詞有bring，do，leave，play，write等。例如：Please bring me the exercise-book tomorrow．
＝ Please bring the exercise-book for／to me tomorrow. 明天請把練習(xí)本給我?guī)怼?/p>
注意：若直接賓語是人稱代詞時，則必須將其置于間接賓語之前。例如：
誤：Give me it，please.
正：Give it to me，please．
五、S + V + O + OC
這種句型的及物動詞后的賓語還需跟上賓語補足語（OC）意思才完整，賓語和賓語補足語合稱為復(fù)合賓語。可用作賓語補足語的有名詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語等。
1．后跟名詞作賓語補足語的動詞常用call，name，make，choose，think等。例如： We can call him Jim for short．我們可以簡稱他為吉姆。
2．后跟形容詞作賓語補足語的動詞常用keep，make，find，get，think等。例如： We must keep our classroom clean．我們必須保持我們的教室清潔。
3．動詞不定式作賓語補足語有以下三種情況：
①后跟帶to的不定式作賓語補足語的動詞常用的有ask, tell, want, teach, wish, get等。例如：
Mr. Hu asked us to talk about English name．胡老師請我們談?wù)動说拿帧?/p>
②后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語的動詞可歸納為“一感（feel）”、“二聽（listen to， hear）”、“三讓（let，make，hay）”、“四看（see，look at，watch，notice）”。例如：
Let me help you．讓我?guī)椭恪?/p>
I often see him play basketball on the playground. 我經(jīng)常看到他在操場上打籃球。
③help后跟不定式作賓語補足語時，不定式既可帶to也可不帶to。例如：
Children should often help their parents（to）do some housework．孩子們應(yīng)經(jīng)常幫父母干些家務(wù)活兒。
4．后跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞常用feel，listen to，hear，see，look at，watch， notice，find，keep等。例如：
We heard someone singing in the next room. 我們聽到有人在隔壁唱歌。
5．后跟介詞短語作賓語補足語的動詞常用keep，find，take等。例如：
We found him at school．我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在學(xué)校。
Help oneself 的幾種含義
help oneself在口語中是一個常用的短語，不少同學(xué)以為它只是一個含義“請隨便吃……”，其實它不僅僅這一個意思，在口語中它的含義可歸納以下幾種：
1．用于招呼客人吃東西時，意為“請隨便吃”、“別客氣”等。
①Help yourself. 請隨便吃。
②Help yourself to some fish. 請隨便吃些魚吧。
③Help yourselves to the beef and chicken, children. 孩子們，請隨便吃些牛肉和雞肉。
2．表示客氣地允許別人拿或使用某物，意為“請便”、“自己拿吧”等。
①A: May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的詞典嗎？
B: Yes, help yourself. 可以，自己拿吧。
②A: Can I have a cold drink, Tom? 湯姆，我能喝杯冷飲嗎？
B: Of course, please help yourself. 當(dāng)然，請自便。
3．表示隨意取用和自由取食，有時也可用來表示擅自取用、偷竊。
①I felt terrible and didn’t help myself to any food at the party. 在晚會上，我感覺不舒服，什么也沒吃。
②There was no one in the room at that time, so he helped himself to the money on the table, I’m sure. 我相信，那時房里沒有人，所以他就偷了桌子上的錢。
Lesson 57 教學(xué)設(shè)計示例
Teaching Objectives: To master die words about fruit and vegetables.
And about the different eating habits in the different countries.
Properties: Pictures, Overhead projector
Language FOCUS: there be, have/has, a few, a little, So do I./So does he.
Teaching Procedures:
I. Organizing the class
Teacher(T) : Good morning, class.
Students(Ss) : Good morning, teacher.
T: Sit down, please. Now let s listen to a duty report.
II. Revision
1. Check the students homework in the winter holidays.
2. Encourage the students to talk more about the winter vacation.
III. Presentation
T: Give more details about the colour pictures on page i. Get them to know the words about the kitchen and ask them to know what’s in the cupboard. And then you can write some words on the blackboard. Let them practise more with the following phrases and useful expressions.
IV. Leading-in
Write countable nouns and uncountable nouns on the blackboard.
Nouns(countable) Nouns( uncountable)
Vegetables: carrots Meat: pork
peas beef
potatoes lamb
tomatoes chicken
cabbages mutton
Fruit: apples others: salt
pears sugar
peaches pepper
bananas oil
cherries wine
V. Practice
When you are sure the students really understand the meanings of the words. Encourage them to practise.
For example;
A: What’s in the bowl?
B: It’s rice. / There’s some rice in it.
Let the students do the exercises in pairs. If they have time, they can work on the other dialogues.
VI. Practice Part 1
Get two better students to practise the following dialogues. Such as a bottle on the teacher’s table. You can pick it up and hold it in the air, and then ask the students.
1. A: What’s in the bottle?
B: There s some milk in it.
You can pick up another object on the table and go on asking.
2. A: What’s in the box?
B: There’s some chalk in it.
Get a student who is good at drawing to come to the blackboard and to draw a man s head on the blackboard.
3. A: What’s on the man s head?
B: There is some hair on it.
Show a bag to the class.
4. A: What’s in the bag?
B: There are a few apples in it.
If you want the students to master more, you can draw a man’ s head on the blackboard. It shows this man has a bad temper.
T: What’s wrong?
Student 1: He is angry.
T: Do you think you can like a person who is in a bad temper?
Student 2: No.
T: Right. (So the teacher writes a sentence on the blackboard. )
5. A: He has a bad temper.
B: Few people like him.
VII. Learn Part 2
T: Ask the class what the Chinese eating and the American eating habits are and what the Japanese favourite is. Ask the students if they have the same habits.
Get them to work in pairs.
1.
2.
3.
VIII. Practice
Pair work: The students ask and answer the questions about meat in daily / everyday life. One student asks: “What’s your favourite food?” The other one gives the response. “So is mine.” or “So do I.”
IX. Learn Part 5
A: Puzzle dialogues.
At first let the students do it before they can answer it. And then get some pairs to do them orally.
Keys:
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B
B: Teach the class the main points.
(l)Would like to do: want to do / feel like doing
(2)have dinner: have supper
(3)help oneself to some food
(4) thank you : thanks
(5)I’d love to: I’d like to
X. Exercises in class
Translate the following sentences into English.
（1）他在中國有幾位朋友。
（2）這里有幾個人。
（3）我打算去香港幾天。
（4）他懂得點法文。
（5）少許的注意即可防止意外。
（6）你要吃點蛋糕嗎？
[注]①a few =some(與可數(shù)名詞連用)
②a little=some, but not much, a small quantity of. . . (與不可數(shù)名詞連用)
keys:
(1) He has a few friends in China.
(2) There are a few people here.
(3)I’m going to Hong Kong for a few days.
(4) He knows a little French.
(5)A little care can prevent the accident.
(6) Would you like to have a little cake?
[注] ①cake作為一個一個的單個出現(xiàn)是可數(shù)名詞。For example: two cakes.
cake作為一個大塊蛋糕出現(xiàn)是不可數(shù)名詞。For example: 切下一片要用量詞來表示：a piece of cake
②再有像“chocolate”也是一樣的。
We can say three chocolates.
a bar of chocolate
two bars of chocolate
XI. Homework
1. Look up the phrases “a few, few, a little, little” in the grammar book
2. Make sentences with “there be” “have”
3. Do exercises on page 61
XII. Summary
1. Hurry up! We have _________ time left
2. There are _________ apples there, aren’t there?
3. They are great. Because they made _________ mistakes in their examination papers
4. Would you like________ (go) with me?
5. Would you like ________(anything) to eat?
Keys
1.little 2.a few 3.few 4.to go 5.something
XIII. Writing on blackboard
Lesson 57
1. What can you see. . . ?
I/We can see....
2. What’s in/the cupboard/on the table/in the fridge
There is a little/some. . . in/on it .
There are a few/some/many/a lot of. . . in/on it .
3. A: What do people eat in England/America/Japan
B: They eat a lot of potatoes/beef/fish....
A: So do we. ( so+ 助動詞+主語)
Lesson 58 教學(xué)設(shè)計示例
Teaching objectives
1. Learn about the favourite food of different countries.
2. Learn the expressions of agreement and disagreement.
Language FOCUS: the most popular, be good for
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Revision
（圖片）Revise the names of the food and tableware.
（演示錄像）復(fù)習(xí)邀請用餐與用餐禮貌用語，讓學(xué)生總結(jié)關(guān)于用餐的交際用語。
Would you like … .
Help yourself to …
How about … ?
How do you like … ?
I hope you can come over to my party.
Step 2 Presentation
（導(dǎo)入 新課）通過表格談?wù)撁總�人喜歡的食品What’s your favourite food?，從而引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進入Pre-read的討論。
Step 3 Pre-read
學(xué)生活動：教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生討論教材中有關(guān)食品的問題。
Discuss these questions:
w1. What’s your favourite food?
w2. What do Chinese children like best? Do you think it’s the most popular food in China?
w3. Do you like fast food? Can you say the names of some kinds of fast food?
w4.Do you think what food is the most popular in the world.
w5. Do you know some kinds of food in different countries?
Step 4 Read
（學(xué)生活動）說出圖片中的食品名稱，分別屬于哪個國家？旨在教學(xué)課文前，先讓學(xué)生了解一些各國喜歡的食品。
Pizza, hamburger, french fries/chips, Japanese sushi, Chinese vegetables
（演示錄像）FAVOURITE FOOD課文情景演示，教學(xué)對話中出現(xiàn)的新詞匯和語言點，新詞匯的教學(xué)中利用有關(guān)食品的圖片再現(xiàn)課文的主要內(nèi)容。
（學(xué)生活動）根據(jù)錄像內(nèi)容判斷正誤
1. Indians like to eat fish.
2. Italians like to eat pizza.
3. Japanese like to eat hot food.
4. You can find people eating hamburgers and chips in many cities.
5. People enjoy Chinese food.
（演示錄像）然后讓學(xué)生觀看這些問題的答案，加深對課文的理解。
Step 5 Ask and answer
（演示錄像）談?wù)摳鲊矏鄣氖称罚虒W(xué)表達同意和不同意的用語。并教學(xué)這部分內(nèi)容中涉及的新詞匯和語言點。
wChocolate is good for your health.
短語be good for的意思是“對…有益”，其反義短語是be bad for。另外，請注意be good at的用法。試比較：
Swimming is good for health.
He is good at swimming.
（學(xué)生活動）通過圖片讓學(xué)生Make dialogues，練習(xí)表達同意和不同意的用語。
wA: Do you think fish is very popular in China?
wB: I’m not sure. But I think it’s very popular in Japan.
wA: I think pork is very popular in China. Do you agree?
wB: Yes, I agree.
Step 6 Practice
Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
In England, one of the most _______kinds of food is fish and chips. People usually _______it in fish and chip shops. They put it in paper bags, and take it home, or to their _______. But the world’s favourite food isn’t English. It _______ that American _______ food is the most popular. In many cities like Moscow, Paris and _______big cities in China, you can ______ people eating hamburgers and chips. Chinese food is also very popular in the world. In many cities you can find Chinese _________. People ________ Chinese food because it has different _______ and is usually very ________.
答案：popular, buy, workplace, seems, fast, some, find, restaurants, enjoy, tastes, delicious
Step 7 Exercises in class
Fill in the blanks.
1. Why have they delayed (推遲)________(open) the new school?
2. Would you mind _________ (close ) the window? It’s too cold.
3. Have you finished_________(read) that novel?
4.I m sorry, I kept you_________(wait)for long.
5.I’ve enjoyed________(talk) to you about old times.
Keys: 1.opening 2.closing 3.reading 4.waiting 5.talking
Step 8 Homework
1.Retell the text.
2. Make sentences with enjoy doing, “find something+ adj…”
3. Do exercises on page 62.
4 .Fish off the workbook
Lesson 59教學(xué)設(shè)計方案
Teaching Objectives
Get the students to know the differences between the simple present tense and the past tense.
Properties: Blackboard, Tape-recorder
Language Points:
1. taste, feel 2.do some cooking, do some cleaning
3. help somebody do something 4. neither. . .nor. . .
Teaching Procedures
I. Organizing the class
T: Good morning, class.
Ss: Good morning, teacher.
T: Sit down, please. Well, who son duty today? please!
II. Revision
T: Help the students with the phrases on the blackboard.
1.
2.
T: Tell the class different tenses here, and then write some adverbial phrases on the blackboard.
1. last week
2 .last month
3. last October
Give the students a few minutes to practise them with the past tense. You can ask them to work in groups. The students in one group talk them in simple present tense. The students in the other group talk them in the past tense.
For example:
1. A: I clean the room every day.
B: I cleaned the room yesterday.
2. A: He brushes his teeth every morning.
B: He brushed his teeth just now( means a short time ago)
III. Presentation
1.
2.
3.
IV. Learn Part 1
The Simple Present Tense:
1. I study every day.
2. He studies every day.
The Past Tense:
3. I studied last year.
4. He studied last year.
The Present Continuous Tense:
5. I’m studying now.
6. He’s studying now.
T: Ask the students to know the keys, let them master “verb +to be or verb + to do”, especially the changing ways of verbs.
V. Practice
T: Get 3 students to practise the different sentences in the different tenses.
S1: My father works five days a week.
S2: My father worked last week.
S3: My father is working now.
VI. Learn Part 2
1. Questions first.
T: Are you a city girl?
S: Yes.
T: Do you often do the housework in your family?
S: Yes.
T: Why?
S: Because my parents both go to work.
T: Who does some shopping then?
S: Sometimes both of my parents.
T: Who cooks dinner on weekdays?
S: Either my father or my mother.
T: Who does the cleaning then?
S: I do.
T: What do you think about family activities?
S: I think everyone should do some housework.
2. Language points.
both
①We are both students.
②They both work hard.
go shopping/swimming
①I often go shopping at weekends.
②He seldom goes swimming in winter.
sometimes: at times
①I sometimes go there with him.
②He sometimes helps me with my lessons.
either. . .or. . .
①Either you or I am mad.
②He likes either English or Chinese.
on weekdays (weekdays: from Monday to Friday)
①What do you usually do on weekdays?
②I often read novels on weekdays.
do some cleaning/shopping/reading
①Do you do the cleaning once a week?
②He likes doing some reading on weekdays.
VII. Practice
T: Write some key phrases on the blackboard. Get the students to make sentences completely.
1. either. . .or. . .
2. both. . .and. . .
3. neither. . .nor. . .
4. help sb. do sth.
5.helpsb. with sth.
T: You are sure the students really understand the phrases above. Give them two minutes to recite the first paragraph, and then check the students ‘homework.
T: Ask one of the students to tell the opposite word of city-country. If necessary, show a picture of a country girl to the class. Get the students to tell something about a country girl with a third personal pronoun. Begin with the word “she”.
She is a country girl from _________(country). She feeds _________(動物)and does all the ________(家務(wù)).
Keys: →Africa, animals, housework
T: Encourage the students in one group to finish the story of this country girl.
T: Learn Language points.
(1) the busiest
She is one of the busiest woman.
(2)feed: raise, keep
I like animals, I often feed them after school.
(3) all the housework
Li Lei s mother seldom does all the housework at home.
(4) neither. . . nor. . .
①I like neither him nor her.
②Neither he nor she is right.
(Pay attention to the underlined words. )
VIII. Homework
1. Prompts to the class.
At the restaurant At a friend’s house
2. Make dialogues based on the text.
3. Do exercises on page 63.
IX. Summary
1. pass somebody something =pass something to somebody
2. give somebody something =give something to somebody
3. bring somebody something =bring something to somebody
4. show sb. sth. =show sth. to sb.
5. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
(1) Please pass me the ball.
(2) Ask him to show the class his photo.
(3) The girl in red often brings the teacher flowers.
(4) Can you give them two cups of tea?
Keys:
(1) 請遞給我那個球。
（2）讓他向全班展示他的照片。
（3）那位身穿紅色衣服的姑娘經(jīng)常帶給教師一些花兒。
（4）你能給他們兩杯茶水嗎？
X. Writing on blackboard
Lesson 59
1. In Han Mei’s family: either…or... , ... also. . .
2. In Indira’s family: either. . .or. . . , neither.
Lesson 60教學(xué)設(shè)計方案
Teaching Objectives: Ask the students to master the prepositions “with .without”
Properties: Tape-recorder, Overhead projector
Language Focus: this or that? boy or girl?
Teaching Procedures:
I. Organizing the class
Greetings between the teacher and the students.
II. Revision
Get the students to talk about the reasons why or why not? Help them answer the questions with either. . . or. . . ; neither. . . nor. . . .
III. Presentation
T: Get the students to say the words about all kinds of drinks and invite one student to write them on the blackboard.
Drinks: cold/hot/soft drink, milk, tea, coffee, juice/apple juice/orange juice. . .
IV. Practice
T: If you are sure the students master them all, you can get several pairs to come to the front to practise the dialogues.
For example: Meeting at home or somewhere else.
V. Learn Part 1
T: Get the students to listen to the tape. Answer the following questions.
1. Where are they?
2. Who are they?
3. What kind?
4. Who would like tea?
5. Is there any milk or sugar in it?
6. Who likes Chinese tea without anything in it?
7. And who’s going to have something English?
8. What’s Ann’s favourite?
9. Is that a take-away food?
10. Who invites them to have some apple pies?
Keys:
1. At Ann’s house. 2. Ann, Ann’s mother and Chen. 3. Friends’ meet. 4. Chen. 5. No, she likes nothing in the tea. 6. Chen does. 7. Ann is. 8. Fish and chips. 9. It’s not take-away food. It’s just home cooking. 10. Mum does. But Chen is already full.
T: Learn language focus:
1. much: a lot (of)
(1) much + adj. ( comparative degree )
much better: Chinese dumplings are much better than Italian pizzas.
much more: Julia is much more beautiful than Rosie.
much taller: Teacher Su is much taller than Rosie.
(2) much too+ adj.
He is much too tall.
(3) too much+ n. (uncountable noun)
The rich have too much money.
(4) much =a lot
Thank you very much. =Thanks a lot.
2. next time
(When this phrase appears in the sentence. We should use comparative degree. )
(1) We have to come here earlier next time.
(2) Be more careful next time.
VI. Practice
T: Get the students to form into several groups. Let them play the roles they like.
1.Learn Part 2 and Part 3
T: Get the students to listen to the tape again and give the students several minutes to practise questioning about it.
T: And then show the picture on the blackboard. Ask them: Where they are? /What they are doing and who is standing? /What’s in the waiter’s hand or what’s in the right or in the left hand? /What’s hung on the waiter’s left aim, and what’s in Linda’s friend’s hands? Get them to use these words without hesitation. Let them listen to the tape.
T: Pair work. Ask some pairs to act out their dialogues.
II. Exercises in class
1. Revise the rules concerning double letters in comparative degree
(1) big —bigger
—This one is too small. Give me a bigger one.
(2) wet—wetter
—It’s wetter today than it was yesterday.
(3) red—redder
—This rose is much redder.
2. something new something old something important something interesting
3. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of words in the box.
clean, with, bore, cry, well
(1) He often helps her _________ her English.
(2)This dish tastes________.
(3) The students in Class I often keep the room________.
(4) We felt _________ with it.
(5)He can make me________.
Keys: (1) with (2)good (3)clean (4)bored (5)cry
IX. Homework
1. Review the content in this lesson.
2. Go over the checkpoint of this unit.
X. Summary
1. Do exercises on page 64, page 65, page 66.
2. Language points exercises
(1)either. . .or. ..(起連詞作用，“或者……或者”)
(2)neither.. .nor...(既不……也不……)
Complete the sentences with either. . . or. . . or neither. . . nor. . .
Part 1-2 練習(xí)
(1) One of them will have to go, _________ Mary _________ Tom.
(2) _________ the shirts_________ the sweater is clean.
(3) I know that _________ you _________ your father has a copy.
(4) They have _________ money _________ food.
(5) There is _________ hot spring _________ running water.
Keys: 1.either, or 2.Neither, nor 3.either, or 4.neither, nor 5.neither, nor
XI. Writing on blackboard
Lesson 60
Useful phrases
1. with sugar and milk 2. without anything =with nothing
3. take a seat 4. something English
5.take-away food 6. home cooking
7. much nicer 8. in the open air
9. some apple pies 10. a table for two
11. sit at the-table 12. by the window
13. be famous for 14. agree with sb.
15. agree to one’s plan
下學(xué)期 Unit 15 What do people eat