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文書寫作中應注意的無性別區分詞匯

時間:2023-05-04 19:14:27 商務英語 我要投稿
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文書寫作中應注意的無性別區分詞匯

  很多人認為,使用沒有性別區分的語言對于商務合同文書寫作來說似乎是沒有必要的,但是如果一概使用男性化的代名詞則會帶來很多麻煩。

  基于經驗得來的重要方法就是避免使用具有性別特征的用語;只是在必須使用名詞才能完成句子的情況下,可以使用"他或她"("he or she")作為替代。多數情況下可以重寫一個句子避免使用具有性別特征的名詞。下面將介紹三種方法。第一種是最理想的。不要使用“他們”代替他和她,“他們”應該只是在指稱復數的情況下才使用。這里的每一個規則都提供了一個避免使用具有性別特征用語的方法。

  1、重寫一個句子避免使用任何名詞。通常可以用"the" 或"a"代替該名詞。

  Incorrect: A good judge takes their job very seriously.

  Undesirable:A good judge takes his or her job very seriously.

  Better: A good judge takes the job very seriously.

  A good judge takes judging very seriously.

  Incorrect: A defendant should not be required to sacrifice their constitutional right to a fair trial for the sole benefit of allowing televised coverage of their trial.

  Better: A defendant should not be required to sacrifice his or her constitutional right to a fair trial for the sole benefit of allowing televised coverage of his or her trial.

  Best: A defendant should not be required to sacrifice the constitutional right to a fair trial for the sole benefit of allowing televised coverage of the trial.

  2、如果必要的話,使用"one"代替"he or she"或"his or her"。但是,如果可能的話,也應該避免使用這一表達,因為"one"這個詞用起來并不容易。

  不理想的:

  A person who masters the basic rules of grammar, punctuation, and good writing is likely to impress his or her supervisors.

  較理想的:

  One who masters the basic rules of grammar, punctuation, and good writing is likely to impress one’’s supervisors.

  3、如果必要的話,將主語由單數改為復數。如果你所指的并非一個明確的個體而是一類個體,你可以使用一個復數的主語,這樣就可以避免使用具有性別特征的名詞,同時還可以避免不正確地使用“他們”("their")這個名詞。

  Incorrect: A teacher must communicate clearly with their students.

  Also Incorrect: A teacher must communicate clearly with her students.

  Better: A teacher must communicate clearly with his or her students.

  Best: Teachers must communicate clearly with their students.

  4、避免使用"s/he"作為名詞正確的替代。有人提議采用"s/he"代替"he or she.",但是"s/he"并非一個單詞,而且也不容易讀。(能將之讀為"she"或"s 斜線he"嗎?哪個讀音可取?) 

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