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近50a以來塔里木河下游土地沙漠化影響因子分析
摘要: 塔里木河下游地區(qū)是干旱區(qū)中沙漠化進程最顯著的地區(qū)之一,一直深受社會各界關(guān)注,尤其是它的成因.由于近50 a來人類不合理的水土資源和生物資源的開發(fā)利用,導(dǎo)致塔里木河下游大西海子水庫以下363 km河道斷流近30 a,地下水位由20世紀50年代的3~5 m逐年下降至2000年的8~12 m,由此而引起下游天然植被面積逐年減少.由于天然植被嚴重衰敗,固定和半固定沙地面積也以百分之幾至百分之幾十的速率減小,林間沙地活化,沙漠化面積逐年增加,沙漠化程度也在不斷增強,塔里木河下游地區(qū)1958年沙漠化面積僅占土地總面積的12%,到2000年沙漠化土地面積超過90%,使本來就處于干旱環(huán)境中的塔里木河下游朝著更加干旱的方向急劇發(fā)展.在塔里木河下游這一特定區(qū)域,從近50 a來研究區(qū)域平均氣溫和降水資料來看,降水和氣溫有波動性變化,但畢竟較小;現(xiàn)代氣候條件和變化的幅度不足以造成環(huán)境大的改變,不足以造成沙漠的大幅度擴張或收縮,大范圍的活化或固定;而同期人口急劇增加造成的壓力和經(jīng)濟活動對環(huán)境的強烈干擾,才是造成大范圍生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化和沙漠化發(fā)生發(fā)展的主要原因. Abstract: The quick process of desertification in the lower reaches of the Tarim River is obvious in the arid regions of the world, where all social sectors have pay more attention to, especially to its causes. Because of the irrational water-land resources use and biological resources exploitation in the past 50 years, the lower reaches of near 363 km from the DaXiHaiZi reservoir had been dry for 30 years, the groundwater level in these areas decreased from 3~5 m in 1950 to 8~12 m in 2000, resulting in the reduction of natural vegetation area year by year. Consequently the desertification area increased year after year, increasing from 12% in 1958 to over 90% of the total land area. The aridity degree of environment in the lower reaches of the Tarim River was strengthened. In the past 50 years, the regional precipitation and temperature wavely changed, not too strong to bring about great environmental change. The anthropogenic causes superimposed on climatic ones are the key reasons for eco-environment degrading and desertification developing in study region. 作 者: 曼尼薩汗·吐爾隼 吐爾遜·哈斯木 韓桂紅 石麗 Tursun·Kasim Manisahan·Tursun HAN Gui-hong SHI Li 作者單位: 新疆大學(xué),資源與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院,新疆,烏魯木齊,830046 期 刊: 中國沙漠 ISTICPKU Journal: JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH 年,卷(期): 2009, 29(6) 分類號: X144 關(guān)鍵詞: 塔里木河下游 土地沙漠化 影響因子分析 Keywords: the lower reaches of Tarim River land desertification analysis of impact factors【近50a以來塔里木河下游土地沙漠化影響因子分析】相關(guān)文章:
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