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Unit 25 The accident
教學目標
知識與技能目標
通過本單元教學,使學生在進一步學習中,鞏固過去進行時態的各種句式,并能更好地運用這種語言結構去描寫過去的活動和經歷。要求學生口頭表達基本流暢,書面表達意思通順,語法正確,并能獨立完成練習冊中的各種形式的練習,能運用自己組織的語言,以口頭和書面形式簡述98課課文內容。
主要掌握以下內容:
1.句型: 1)You’d better go to bed earlier tonight. 2) You’d better not talk. 3) to see sth. happen 4) Go as quickly as you can. 5) It's nice of you. 6) Don't crowd round him.
2.語法:學習過去進行時態(The Past Continuous Tense II)。
3.日常交際用語:[提出建議(Making suggestions)] l)You’d better do sth. 2) You’d better not do sth.
情感態度目標
第98課敘述了一場交通事故發生的經過,反映了師生助人為樂、認真負責的良好道德品質。老師應教育學生向他們學習,做一個樂于助人、不計酬謝、品德高尚的人。
“一方有難,八方支援”體現了我們時代的精神。每一個人都需要來自社會各方面的關愛。無論何時何地,“愛”是一個永恒不變的主題,只有愛才能使我們的生活充滿著七彩陽光。
教學建議
教學內容分析
本單元圍繞“The accident”,繼續談論過去的經歷,學習了一些有關的詞語,一些近義詞之間的區別。學習了表示“勸告和建議”的日常交際用語,通過課文教育學生做到助人為樂、認真負責的良好行為,本單元再次學習了過去進行時態,重點是該時態的否定式和疑問式及簡略答語。在學習過去進行時態的同時帶出了時間狀語從句。通過課文講解了一般過去時態與過去進行時態之間的用法區別。講述了tell sb. about sth. 和give sth. to sb. 兩個固定搭配。
閱讀課文分析
本單元兩篇課文“A traffic accident”和“Mr. Jackson saves Mrs. Beet”,都是關于意外事故的文章。通過學習,要對意外事故有所警惕,并學會理智地應付意外事故。如遇到“火災”,作為學生,應立即撥打“119”,而不是盲目去救火;遇有重病人,撥打120等。也應學會一些簡單地應付意外事故的方法,如作人工呼吸(mouth-to-mouth breathing)。
交際用語分析
It’s really nice of you.這是用于感謝的一句交際用語,類似地還有It’s very kind of you.主要用于以下場合:
1.聽到別人的贊揚時。例如:
–You’re so beautiful.
–It’s very kind of you to say so.
2.回絕別人的邀請或幫助時也要先表示感謝。例如:
–Wall you like to come to the party?
–That’s very kind of you.But I have an important meeting tonight.
3.別人給予幫助或關心時。例如:
–Here you are.
–It’s very kind of you.
可以用于上述場合表示感謝的還有:Thank you./Thanks./You’re very kind./Mary thanks./ Thank you for…等。
語法教學
本單元的材料幾乎全是圍繞過去進行時的教學的。重點教學過去進行時態的否定句、疑問句及簡略答語,以及帶有when 和while引導的時間狀語從句的句型,如:My wallet dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. While we were talking, the teacher came in.并且學會區別一般過去時態和過去進行時態。主要區別時態構成和時態含義。一般過去時態表示過去通常發生的動作或狀態,不強調動作的持續性,而過去進行時態則強調動作在一定時間段內的持續性。教學方法與上單元相同,通過具體的句子讓學生去體會,而不是講空洞的語法條文。
先讓學生簡要地復習一下現在進行時的否定形式和疑問形式。老師用幻燈或在黑板上寫出一些含有現在進行時的句子。例如:
1. Xiao Wang is washing his clothes, now.
2. Some students are drawing pictures on the blackboard.
3. The boys from Class 3 are playing basketball on the playground.
4. A dog is running after a bus.
5. A bird is flying high in the sky.
讓學生快速把以上句子改成否定句和一般疑問句,并作肯定和否定回答,說出其變換的規律。接著啟發學生思考過去進行時應如何變換。根據學生回答的情況,老師進行具體指導。在這以后,老師請同桌的兩人為一組,一個同學寫一句過去進行時的肯定句,另一個緊接著寫一句否定句。
例如:
1. I was doing my homework last night. I wasn’t watching TV.
2. Li Ming was listening to English at eight o clock yesterday.
3. He wasn’t writing a diary.
4. My mother was doing some washing this time yesterday. She wasn’t doing some cooking.
也可以一個先說否定句,另一個說肯定句。例如:
1. My English teacher wasn’t writing a letter last night. He was looking over the student’s exercises.
2. They weren't having classes this time yesterday. They were planting trees.
3. I wasn’t doing the cleaning yesterday afternoon. I was doing some shopping.
這樣操練既加深了學生對過去進行時否定式的理解,同時也鍛煉了他們的口語表達能力和快速思維能力。
在講解過去進行時的一般疑問句時,可采用A、B、C三人一組的方法,先設定一個表示過去特定時間的狀語,at 9:00 yesterday morning。A在做坐自行車的動作,B問C:
Was he(she)riding a bike at 9:00 wt morning?
C回答:Yes,he was.
接著B又問C:Was he mending a bike?
C回答:No,he wasn’t.
這樣操練既形象,又生動,學生感興趣。
閱讀訓練
本單元第98課安排了一篇閱讀短文。短文敘述了一次交通事故及一群學生和他們的老師在交通事故中所表現出的那種助人為樂、認真負責的良好品德。文中出現的單詞不多,估計學生閱讀困難不大,在整個閱讀過程中我們可以分三部分進行。
1.閱讀前的活動(Pre-reading)
先讓學生看課文中的插圖,初步了解課文所敘述的主要內容。老師在黑板上寫好閱讀提綱。(1)At the school gate. (2) Hearing the sound of the motorbike. (3) At the gatekeeper's room. (4) At the library.
2.閱讀中的活動(While-reading)
教師可以提出問題。如:
1) What happened when the children were leaving school?
2) What did the children do when they saw a bag fall off the truck?
3) What happened to the man on a motorbike?
讓學生帶著問題閱讀課文,尋找答案。并鼓勵學生提出課文中的疑難問題,老師答疑。這樣做教師的講解有的放矢,學生印象深刻,更重要的是啟發學生思考,開發學生的思維能力。
3.閱讀后的活動(After-reading)
閱讀完了以后,聽學生簡要回答老師提出的問題,檢查他們的閱讀效果。接著放錄音,讓學生跟讀、模仿,以改進語音語調。鼓勵學生朗讀時帶有感情,朗讀完后老師可以有重點的講解一些重要詞組和短語,如come round the comer,fall off,not…until,be badly hurt等,如果時間允許的話可以做練習冊把課上練習1。
能力訓練建議
1.本單元的語法重點是過去進行時的否定形式和疑問形式,學生不能死記硬背它的結構,而應與一般現在進行時進行比較,在比較中加以掌握和理解。
2.本單元動詞短語較多,可以把動詞短語分類記憶,牢記核心點,結合語境記憶、掌握。例如可在對話中運用“You’d better ride a bike instead of a motorbike.”“You’d better pick up the waste paper around you.”“If you see someone have a little accident, don’t crowd round him.”
3.第98課雖然篇幅較長,但故事情節發展的脈絡很清晰。老師可先簡要地列出內容,然后讓學生用英語復述文章的主要情節。
4.第99課第二部分的填詞練習,每一個學生都必須認真思考,獨立完成,它有利于幫助掌握第98課的課文內容。
過去進行時
一、過去進行時的概念及構成
過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作。過去進行時由“was/ were+動詞-ing”構成。
二、過去進行時的用法
1.表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。如:
What were you doing when I phoned you last night? 昨晚我給你打電話時,你正在干什么?
I was drawing a horse when the teacher came in. 當老師進來時,我正在畫一匹馬。
2.表示過去某段時間正在進行的動作。如:
They were building a dam last winter. 去年冬天他們在建一個大壩。
I was living in my teacher’s house when I was in middle school. 上中學時,我住老師家里。
3.用過去進行時描寫故事發生的背景。如:
It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A young woman suddenly appeared on the river bank. 一個漆黑的夜晚,狂風大作,傾盆大雨,一年年輕的婦女突然出現在河岸上。
4.用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置轉移的動詞,以表示過去將要發生的動作。如:
They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai. 他們想知道我們什么時候去上海。
She asked me whether he was starting the next day. 她問我他是否第二天就走。
三、過去進行時與一般過去時用法比較
1.這兩種時態均可與象last night, yesterday afternoon等表示過去的時間狀語連用。但如果強調在過去某個時候或某段時間曾有過的某個已經結束的動作,應用一般過去時;而如果強調動作在過去某個時候或某段時間正在進行時,應用過去進行時。如:
Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night. 瑪麗昨晚給她朋友寫了封信。(信寫完了)
Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night. 瑪麗昨晚一直在給她朋友寫信。(強調寫的動作一直在進行)
2.句中有a moment ago之類的短語一般用一般過去時。
3.句中有at this time last Sunday, from 8 to 9 yesterday 之類的狀語一般用過去進行時。
詞匯辨析
1. …-year-old / …year(s) old
二者前面都要用基數詞,均有“……歲(的)”之意。但…-year –old是復合形容詞,其中的名詞year只能用單數形式,中間用連字符號,一般僅作定語。如:
Lucy is an eleven -year-old girl. 露茜是一個十二歲的小女孩。
…year(s) old 是一個形容詞組,year用單數還是復數取決于其前面的基數詞。在口語中,常省略year (s) old, 只用基數詞。多用作表語或介詞of的賓語。如:
I’m thirteen (years old). 我十三歲了。
That’s a baby of only one (year old). 那是個才一歲的嬰兒。
2. fix/ mend/ repair
mend指將用壞了的簡單的日常用具“修理”完好,較少用于較大物品。如:
He is mending his pen. 他正在修理鋼筆。
repair一般用于對大件或構造復雜的物件進行“修理”。如:
Jack knows how to repair the computer. 杰克知道怎么修這部電腦。
fix除了作“修理”外,常作“裝配、固定”解,但fix不能用于衣服、鞋子等的修理。
3. while/when
這兩個詞都作連詞使用,在含義上均可表示:“當……時候”。例如:
When I was a boy, I used to go to the Western Hills on Sundays.我小時候,經常在星期天到西山去玩。
It is cold when it snows. 下雪天很冷。
Please write while I read. 我念的時候請記下來。
I kept silent while he was writing.他寫字的時候我就默不作聲。
但是when與while在有些用法上是不同的。
1)When 可以引導定語從句,while不能。
He never forget the days when we stayed in the country.
他永遠不會忘記我們在鄉下的那段日子。
I like the afternoon when we went swimming.我喜歡我們去游泳的那個下午。
2)When可以引導賓語從句,而while不能。
He didn’t tell me when he went out.他并沒有告訴我他什么時間出去的。
3)表示特別強調時間,when引導的狀語從句前一般有just, even, exactly等詞,這種用法while不能。例如:
Just when he went out I came in.他正要出去的時候,我進來了。
4) when 和while 在時間狀語從句中的區別
a. 用when 引起的狀語從句表示的時間,說明一個動作發生的時候,另一個動作正在進行。
When I got home, my mother was doing sane cooking. 當我到家的時候,媽媽正在做飯。
b. when還可以表示正在進行某個動作時,發生了另一個動作,這時主句用一般過去時。
My Pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. 我在公園里散步時,我的筆掉在了地上。
c. 用 while 連接的狀語從句一般用進行時,表示正在進行某個動作時,發生了另一個動作,這時主句用一般過去時。
While I was watching the basketball game, suddenly the ball flew over and hit me. 當我正在看籃球賽時,突然球飛了過來打中了我。(when和while狀語從句都可以表示正在進行某個動作,但while更強調動作持續一段時間。)
d. 用 while連接的狀語從句還可表示某個動作正在進行的同時,另一個動作也在進行之中。
While I was doing my homework, mother was doing .some washing.當我在做作業 時,媽媽在洗衣服。
疑難解析
1. Were the Blacks watching TV last night?
“the+姓氏的復數”表示“某一家人”或“某夫婦倆”,是復數概念,作主語時,其謂語動詞用復數形式。the Blacks相當于 the Black family。如:
The Turners were having supper when I got there. 我到那兒時特納一家正在吃晚飯。
It’s eight o’clock now, The Green family are having breakfast.
2. The man lay on the road.
這句話里,lay不能用lied替換。lie表示“躺”、“臥”、“平放”時,過去式是lay,lie表示“說謊”時,過去式是lied。如:
The boy lay down to sleep. 那個男孩躺下睡覺。
He lied in the classroom yesterday. 昨天他在教室說謊了。
3. A woman saw it happen when she walked past.一位婦女走過的時候,看到了事情的發生。
英語中一些感官動詞如 see,hear,watch,feel等,常跟不帶 to的動詞不定式(即動詞原形)作賓補,意思是“看見(聽見、感覺)某人/某事發生的全過程”。除此之外,其后也可以跟V-ing表示一個動作正在進行。如:
I often hear her sing this song.我經常聽到她唱這首歌。
I felt the earth move just now.我剛才感覺到大地動了一下。
We saw him playing football on the playground. 我們看見他在操場上踢足球。(看和踢的動作同時進行)
past在這里作副詞,意思是“從旁邊”,可用by代替。past作名詞時,意思是“昔日,過去”,作形容詞時意思是“過去的”。如:
He walked past me, without a word.他從我身邊走過,沒有說一句話。
The past is past. Nothing can bring it back.過去的一切永遠過去了,無法使它再回來。
4. Let’s move that bag, or there may be an accident.我們把那個袋子搬開吧,否則,會出交通事故。
這是一種“祈使句+or+簡單句”的并列句,連詞or相當于if not,意為“否則,不然的話”。前面的部分帶有條件意味,此句可改寫為:If we don’t move that bag, there may be an accident.如:Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 快點,否則你就會遲到。
6. It is nice of you.
是“It is + adj. . + 介詞”結構。在這個結構中,介詞of用得最多。例如:
It is very good of you to do so. 你這樣做太好了。
It is so polite of him. 他太禮貌了。
[情景]此句式用來贊揚對方或向對方表示感激,意為“你真好!”如:
–Here are some flowers for you.
–It’s nice of you. Thank you very much.
Thanks for your help. It’s really nice of you.
[解析] 該句式還可擴展為It’s (That’s ) + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.。這類形容詞有nice, good, kind, clever, right等。如:
It’s very kind of you to come and see me.您來看我,真太感謝了。
That’s very kind of you to say so.謝謝您這么說。
注意:表示性質、品格、品德之類的形容詞,后面的介詞用of.其他的形容詞(表示大小、方位、形狀等普通形容詞)多用for或者to. 例如:
The sun is far for us to see. 太陽看上去離我們太遠了。
It is very easy for me to do so. 這樣做對我來說太容易了。
8. With the medicine box under her arm. Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man. 趙老師腋下夾著藥箱匆忙趕去照顧那個男的。
With the medicine box under her arm是介詞短語作伴隨狀語。With在此意為“夾著”,它和其后的名詞或代詞構成介詞短語,表示附帶情況。如:
A woman looked worried, with a child in her arms.一個女人抱著個孩子,顯得很著急。
He likes sleeping with the window open.他喜歡開著窗戶睡覺。
With the light on, we began to work again.燈亮了以后,我們又開始干了起來。
With these words, the tiger jumped into the river.說著這些話,老虎跳進了河里。
另外,“with +名詞”這一結構在句中可作后置定語。如:
China is a country with a long history.中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。
Lesson 97 多媒體教學設計方案
Teaching Objectives:
Grasp the general question of past continuous tense and some words and phrases.
1. 句型:
1)You’d better go to bed earlier tonight.
2) A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.
3)My wallet dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park
4)You look tired today.
2. Words and expressions
play the piano/violin/guitar/flute, watch video tape, review, look tired/young/worried, mend, forget sth./forget to do sth. had better(not) do sth., novel, accident, wallet, walk past, give sth. (back) to sb.
3.過去進行時態的陳述句和疑問句
We were not traveling too fast.
Was she traveling too fast?
Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Revision
(學生活動)讓學生就What were you doing at … yesterday?互相提問復習過去進行時。
(錄像演示)演示過去進行時表示過去某個時刻正在進行的動作,讓學生進行模仿練習
Step 2Ask and answer
Ask the students Was he watching TV at eight o’clock at night? . Help students to answer “Yes, he was.” or “No, he wasn’t.”
(錄像演示)情景演示過去進行時的疑問形式,然后由學生小結出過去進行時態陳述句式和疑問句式的構成:was/were +主語+ving+其它
教學新詞匯Russian, motorbike, review(利用圖片和用英文解釋)
Step 3 Practice
(錄像演示)演示Dialogue 1的情景,回答:Why is the speaker tired? (the speaker went to bed too late)
講解新詞匯novel和短語had better(not)do sth.的用法。
You’d better go to bed earlier tonight, if you can.
had better加動詞原形表示:最好做某事,用來向別人提出建議。可縮寫為:’d better。如:
You’d better watch carefully before you cross the road.過馬路之前你最好要看仔細。
We’d better hurry up,or we’ll be late.我們最好快一點,要不然就晚了。
如果建議別人最好不做某事,使用“had better not加動詞原形”這一句型。如:
You’d better not read in bed.It’s bad for your eyes.你最好不要躺著看書,對你眼睛不好。
You’d better not play basketball after lunch.It’s bad for your health.你最好不要在午飯后就玩籃球,它對健康有害。
(錄像演示)演示Dialogue 21的情景,回答:What happened to A? (His wallet dropped on the ground.)
教學新詞匯wallet and ground(利用圖片)
解釋句型A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.中的see sth. happen用法。
Step 4 Exercises
Fill in the blanks with correct tenses.
1. As my father________(leave) the house, the postman ________(arrive).
2.Tom______(work)in the garden, while I_________(sit)in the sun.
3. As I ________ (walk ) down the street, I ______ ( meet ) Charlie.
4. While he________(read) the letter, he_________ (hear) a knock at the door.
5. She ________(drop) the tray when I spoke to her.
Keys: 1. was leaving, arrived 2. was working, was sitting 3. was walking, met 4. was reading, heard 5. dropped
Turn the following sentences into general questions, then give short answers.
1.All the boys were playing football on the playground when it began to rain.
2. Mary was talking to her friend on the phone when her mother got home.
3. I was leaving the house when the telephone rang.
4. The girl was making the bed at seven o'clock yesterday morning.
5. The dog was running after the cat.
Keys: 1.Were all the boys playing football on the playground when it began to rain?
Yes, they were. /No, they weren’t.
2. Was Mary talking to her friend on the phone when her mother got home?
Yes, she was. /No, she wasn’t.
3. Were you leaving the house when the telephone rang?
Yes, I was./No, I wasn’t.
4. Was the girl making the bed at seven o’clock yesterday morning?
Yes, she was. /No, she wasn’t.
5. Was the dog running after the cat?
Yes, it was./No, it wasn’t.
Step 5 Homework
1. Revise the dialogues in SB Page 51, Part 2.
2. Preview the next lesson.
3. Do exercises on page 121.
4. Finish off the workbook exercise.
Unit 25 The accident
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