人教版新課標(biāo)高一必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy The Science of the Star--教案5

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 教材分析和教材重組 教材分析   本單元的主要內(nèi)容是邊緣科學(xué)、地球生命的起源，萬有引力、黑洞和太空旅行等天文學(xué)知識(shí)。通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)科學(xué)的興趣，激發(fā)學(xué)生探究科學(xué)的熱情。 1. Warming Up部分共有三組問題，第一組問題引導(dǎo)學(xué)生討論邊緣科學(xué)(Frontier Science)，即以兩種或多種學(xué)科為基礎(chǔ)而發(fā)展起來的科學(xué)。例如，生物化學(xué)是以生物學(xué)和化學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的邊緣科學(xué)。第二組問題探討科學(xué)研究的方法。第三組問題讓學(xué)生思考要成為真正的科學(xué)家所必須掌握的技能。 2. Pre-reading部分主要讓學(xué)生弄清楚什么是科學(xué)思想，什么是宗教信仰或文化傳統(tǒng)。學(xué)生總喜歡聽故事或講故事，在探討生命的起源的科學(xué)道理之前，讓學(xué)生交流一下有關(guān)宇宙的起源的種種傳說，既有趣味性，又能調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的相關(guān)知識(shí)，激活學(xué)生的思維。 3. Reading部分講述了地球上生命的起源。水的形成使得地球有別與其他星球，它使得地球上生命的誕生成為可能。科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，地球上的生命首先誕生于水中，上百萬年后，陸地上才長出綠色植物，隨后出現(xiàn)了陸棲動(dòng)物和水陸兩棲動(dòng)物。最初的動(dòng)物靠孵化繁衍后代，后來出現(xiàn)了哺乳動(dòng)物，人類也隨之誕生了。文章最后講述的現(xiàn)象發(fā)人深省：The earth may become too hot for the lives on it.它關(guān)系到地球上生命的未來。 4. Comprehending部分通過四個(gè)選擇填空題檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)本文核心問題的理解：地球上生命的起源和延續(xù)需要哪些條件?隨后通過排序的方式幫助學(xué)生弄清本文的行文線索，也就是地球上生命的起源和發(fā)展歷程。最后提出兩個(gè)問題，考查學(xué)生的深層理解和推斷能力。 5. Learning about Language部分首先通過英文解釋幫助理解課文中的生詞，然后，通過短文填空、詞語分類等形式將這些詞語用于一個(gè)相關(guān)的情境中。語法部分也是采用先發(fā)現(xiàn)后應(yīng)用的學(xué)習(xí)方法。先通過到課文中找句子，讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)主語從句，然后，設(shè)置一個(gè)用手機(jī)發(fā)短信息的情境，讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單句與主語從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)。最后設(shè)置情境來復(fù)習(xí)第三單元出現(xiàn)的表語從句。 6. Using Language部分綜合訓(xùn)練聽說讀寫的能力。聽力部分的內(nèi)容介紹三位科學(xué)巨匠，不僅通過聽力填表的形式訓(xùn)練學(xué)生捕捉細(xì)節(jié)的能力，還通過四選一的形式幫助學(xué)生找主題思想。在解釋對(duì)與錯(cuò)的過程中，教師可以適當(dāng)?shù)亟榻B一下概括主題的方法。閱讀部分是一個(gè)科幻小故事，通過“我”和“我的朋友”乘宇宙飛船登月球的經(jīng)歷，介紹了重量、失重和地球引力等科學(xué)道理。說和寫部分以Visiting the moon為話題，要求學(xué)生討論登月球需要攜帶的物品和在月球上可能遇到的困難，并要求學(xué)生找出克服這些困難的方法。教師可以根據(jù)課本上的提示，向?qū)W生介紹“先分述后總結(jié)”的寫作方法。提出問題的解決方案時(shí)，要求學(xué)生選用適當(dāng)?shù)摹爸甘尽庇谜Z。 教材重組   1. 將Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading與Comprehending整合在一起上一節(jié)“閱讀課”。 2. 將Learning about Language和Workbook的using words and expressions及using structures整合在一起上一節(jié)“語言學(xué)習(xí)課”。 3. 將Using Language設(shè)計(jì)為一節(jié)包括聽說讀寫在內(nèi)的“綜合技能課（一）”。 4. 將Workbook的READING AND LISTENING和TALKING結(jié)合在一起上一節(jié)“聽說課”。 5. 將Workbook的LISTENING TASK，READING AND WRITING TASK和SPEAKING TASK設(shè)計(jì)為一節(jié)“綜合技能課（二）”。 課時(shí)分配 1st Period  Reading 2nd Period  Language study 3rd Period  Integrating skills(Ⅰ) 4th Period  Listening and Speaking 5th Period  Integrating skills(Ⅱ)   Part 1: Teaching Design  (第一部分：教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)) Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading (HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH) Aims To develop the students’ reading ability To learn something about astronomy Procedures I. Warming up by learning vocabulary Good morning, class! Today, w are going to take Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars. Before we read the text, let’s turn to page 99 and get familiarized with the vocabulary first. Pay attention to the making of the word. Study the prefixes, roots and suffixes in the words.   Astronaut Yang Liwei II. Pre-reading 1. Looking and saying Have you ever wondered how the universe began? Well Im sure you may have many answers to this question, but I have one that perhaps, you may not have heard of yet. I will be giving you my theory on this subject. Now look at the screen and listen to me telling you something exciting. 科學(xué)家透露：宇宙可能有兩個(gè) 我們的宇宙和一個(gè)隱藏的宇宙共同鑲嵌在五維空間中。在我們的宇宙早期，這兩個(gè)宇宙發(fā)生了一次相撞事故，相撞產(chǎn)生的能量生成了我們宇宙中的物質(zhì)和能量。 　　 　　 2. Talking and sharing Do you know how the universe began? In the 1920s in California, astronomer Edwin Hubble observed distant galaxies using an extremely powerful telescope. He made two mind-boggling(unbelievable) discoveries. First, Hubble figured out that the Milky Way isn’t the only galaxy. He realized that faint, cloud-like objects in the night sky are actually other galaxies far, far away. The Milky Way is just one of billions of galaxies. Second, Hubble discovered that the galaxies are constantly moving away from each other. In other words, the universe is expanding. The biggest thing that we know about is getting bigger all the time. A few years later, Belgian astronomer Georges Lematre used Hubble‘s amazing discoveries to suggest an answer to a big astronomy question: “How did the universe begin?” III. Reading 1. Listening and reading aloud Now please listen to the recording and then read the text aloud. Pay attention to how the native speaker is reading along and where the pauses are within each sentence. I will play the tape twice and you shall read aloud twice, too. 2. Reading and underlining Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them into your notebook after class as homework. Collocations from HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH a cloud of energetic dust具有能量的塵埃, combine into…合成……, move around the sun環(huán)繞太陽運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn), become violent變得激烈, the solid surface固體表面, explode loudly猛烈爆炸, in time及時(shí)，最終, produce the water vapor產(chǎn)生水蒸汽, make the earth’s atmosphere構(gòu)成了地球的大氣層, cool down冷卻, on the surface在表面, be different from…與……不同, go round the sun環(huán)繞太陽運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn), disappear from…從……消失, stay on…存留在……, show one’s quality顯現(xiàn)某人的特性, dissolve harmful gases分解，溶解有害氣體, become part of…變成……的一部分, develop life發(fā)展生命, grow in the water在水里生長, fill… with…用……來填充……，充滿了……, encourage the development of…鼓勵(lì)……的發(fā)展, millions of years later幾萬年以后, live on land在陸地上生活, live in the sea在海里生存, grow into forests長成森林, produce young生出幼仔, lay eggs下蛋, animals with hands and feet長著手腳的動(dòng)物, spread all over the earth遍布全世界, develop new methods發(fā)展了新的方法, grow food種植, move around遷徙, go by過去，推移, take care of…在意……，照看好……, put…into…把……帶入，放入……, prevent…from…防止……做……, escape from… into…從……逃離到……, become hot變熱, depend on….依靠，依賴，取決與……, solve a problem解決一個(gè)問題 3. Reading and understanding difficult sentences Skim the text and identify the difficult sentences of each paragraph. You may put your hand up if you have any questions. 4. Reading and transferring information Read the text again to complete the table below, HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH What was the earth like after the “Big Bang”?   Why was the earth different?   How was life developed on earth?   What did small clever animals do?   5. Reading and translating As you have read the text times, you can surely put it into Chinese. Wang Hongqin, will you be the first to have a try, of putting the first paragraph into Chinese. IV. Closing down Closing down by doing exercises To end the lesson you are to do the comprehending exercises 2 and 3 on pages 26 and 27. Closing down by having a discussion—How Did the Universe Begin?There are only three possible answers to this question. 1．It was created by something larger than itself since the first law of thermodynamics(熱力學(xué)) says that energy cannot be created, only changed. The universe had to be created by something outside itself, because of the same law. We also know that man could not have created it. 2．It was begun by chance (or accident); or 3．The answer is not sure. Shown this way, the question is:   Additional Materials Complete the summary of the story with one word in each blan

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