口罩對阻止豬流感傳播有幫助嗎？中英文對照

    Can masks help stop flu spread?口罩對阻止流感傳播有幫助嗎？

　　By Nick Triggle Health reporter, BBC News　醫療衛生記者，BBC新聞

　　One of the abiding images of the swine flu outbreak is the pictures from Mexico of people wandering the streets wearing masks.　　豬流感爆發后來自墨西哥一個常見的畫面是人們戴著口罩在街上漫步。

　　And as the disease has spread from country to country, reports have emerged of people purchasing all sorts of products on the internet.當疫病向各國蔓延時，網絡上也開始出現人們搶購各種防護用品的消息。

　　But while the scramble is understandable, experts are sceptical about just how useful they are.　但是，盡管這種搶購可以理解，專家們還是不能肯定這些用品的效用。

　　Professor John Oxford, a virologist at leading London hospital, The Barts and the London, said: "Really, there is very little evidence that masks actually offer much protection against flu.

　　來自倫敦最一流的醫院The Barts and the London的病毒專家John Oxford教授說：“確實沒有什么根據可以證實口罩對于防范流感能提供多少 實際的保護。”

　　"I think handing them out to the public as has happened in Mexico just destroys confidence."

　　“我認為像墨西哥那樣向公眾發放口罩會摧毀了人們的信心。”

　　Health staff

　　It is these sorts of issues that has prompted officials from groups such as the World Health Organization and England\'s Health Protection Agency to steer clear of calling for them for general public use.

　　醫護人員

　　這樣一類問題讓來自世衛組織和英國保健機構的官員們退避三舍，而不是為公共需求而呼吁。

　　While Mexico has handed them out to members of the public, most other countries, including the UK, are just reserving them for health staff.　盡管墨西哥向公眾發放了口罩，但大多數國家包括英國僅限于向醫護人員發放口罩。

　　Others, such as Belgium, have bought some for flu patients, while several, including Spain, have handed them out to passengers on planes returning from affected areas.

　其他國家，如比利時給流感病人買了一些口罩，而有幾個國家包括西班牙向疫區返回航班上的乘客發放口罩。

　　It is believed there are enough masks for half the NHS workforce, but officials are already in discussion with suppliers about ordering another 30m to help cope if a pandemic develops.

　　Health workers have been told to wear them, along with special gloves, if they are in contact with potential victims.

　

　　據信，口罩足夠供應英國50%享受全民健康服務的人員，不過官員們已經在和供應商討論增加訂購3000萬個口罩，以應對疫情的蔓延。

　　醫護人員被告知如果與可能的患者接觸，要戴口罩和專用手套。

　　“ The problem is that when someone sneezes they tend to take a mask off. I think masks give people a false sense of security ” Dr Ronald Cutler, of the University of London

　“問題是有人打噴嚏時往往會摘下口罩。我認為口罩給人一種虛假的安全感，”倫敦大學的Ronald Cutler博士說。

　　Professor Oxford believes this approach is right.

　　"They are the people who will be most likely to be coming into contact with the virus and the ones who could be passing it on."

　　The Department of Health has focused on getting what are known as respirator masks. These have filters, which stop a person breathing in some particles in the air.

　　They are much more effective than the standard surgical masks or dust masks that are sometimes used by builders.

　　However, none of the masks can stop 100% of the particles getting through and become less effective once they become moist.

　　Instead, they are better at stopping the virus getting out.

　　Oxford 教授認為戴口罩這種方法是正確的

　　“他們是最有可能接觸病毒和傳染病毒的人。”

　　衛生部重點準備那些帶過濾裝置的口罩，這種口罩的過濾器可以防止人吸入空氣中的一些微粒。

　　它們比標準的外科口罩或有時建筑工人使用的防塵口罩要有效得多。

　　不過，沒有一種口罩能夠百分之百地阻截空氣中的微粒，一旦變濕，效用就要減弱。

　　相反，它們阻止病毒從體內逸出的作用更大。

  　Spread

　　Dr Ronald Cutler, deputy director of biomedical science at the University of London, said: "If you sneeze with a mask the virus will be contained so from that point of view if everyone wore them it might stop the spread.

　　傳播

　　倫敦大學生物醫學系副主任Ronald Cutler博士說：“如果你戴著口罩打噴嚏，病毒就被阻截在口罩里，因此，從這一點看，任何人戴口罩都可以阻止病毒傳播。

　　"Or you could get the people with flu wearing them, but by the time they are diagnosed it could be too late.　　“或許你可以讓流感患者戴口罩，但是等他們已確認為流感時就已為時過遲。

　　"And the problem is that when someone sneezes they tend to take a mask off. I think masks give people a false sense of security.　“問題是有人打噴嚏時往往會拉下口罩，我認為口罩給人以一種虛假的安全感。

　　"They are not bio-chemical suits. Masks are obviously just covering one part of the body so your hands and clothes could all have the virus on and when you take them off you will infect yourself.

　　“它們不是生化服。顯然，口罩只是遮蓋了身體的一部分，你的手和衣服可能都帶有病毒，當你摘下口罩時，就會被自身攜帶的病毒傳染。

　　"However, because people are wearing a mask they will think they are protected and may go into crowded areas.　　“可是，因為人們戴了口罩，所以認為自己已受到保護，就可能出入于人群聚焦區域。

　　"The best advice is to wash your hands and cover your mouth when sneezing."　“最好的辦法是洗手，打噴嚏時用手捂住嘴。”

　　Glamorgan University expert Gail Lusardi agreed.　　（英國）格拉摩根郡大學專家Gail Lusardi同意這一點。

　　"Masks alone will not prevent spread of the influenza virus and basic hygiene measures like hand washing, safe use and disposal of tissues and cleaning of environmental surfaces are key to preventing infection transmission."

　　She also said it was important they were correctly fitted - some of the more expensive respirator masks are molded to fit the face unlike standard masks that can be bought on the high street.

　　And she added: "A mask can be worn continuously for up to eight to 10 hours, but must be replaced if it is taken off at any stage."

 

　　“僅僅是口罩不能防止流感病毒的傳播，洗手、安全使用和處理紙巾、清潔周圍環境是防范流感傳播的關鍵。”

　　她也說佩戴尺寸合適的口罩很重要——一些比較貴的過濾式口罩是按照人的臉型制作的，不像在大街上就能買到的那些標準口罩。

　　她補充說：“一只口罩持續佩戴可以達8-10個小時，但是期間一旦摘下就必須更換。”

 

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