重點語法講義及練習

1. 動詞的時態和語態

1．1 動詞的時態和語態一覽表

時態語態 一般現在時  一般過去時    一般將來時

主動被動 doare done didwere done will dowill be done

 現在進行時  過去進行時  將來進行時

主動被動  are doingare being done were doingwere being done will be doing

 現在完成時  過去完成時  將來完成時

主動 被動 have donehave been done had donehad been done will have donewill have been done

 現在完成進行時 

主動 被動 have been doing  

1.2 動詞主要時態的意義及運用

1) 現在完成時，過去完成時和將來完成時

英語提示語：up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten years, by the end of this week, by the year of 1995 

漢語提示語：已經，早已，了

e.g. We haven’t met each other since last year.

  By the end of this week, we’ll have finished the task.

2) 現在完成進行時

從過去一直持續到現在，沒有間斷。

漢語提示語：一直

e.g. The water has been running the whole night. 

3) 過去完成時

a) said, reported, thought 等引導的間接引語中。

e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train.

b) hardly…when, no sooner… than

e.g. No sooner had he got up than he received the call.

c) 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的條件狀語從句中

e.g. If I had tried harder, I would have won.

 I wish I had done better in the exam. 

歷年考題中的動詞時態和語態

1. Much of the carbon in the earth ___ (come) from things that once lived.

2. In the past two decades, research ___ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.

3. Some proverbs ___ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed.

4. ___ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.

5. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush’s approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling ___ (begin) in the 19302.

6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day ___ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should.

7. So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years.  

8. The patient ___ (send) to another hospital before we got there.

9. The second half of the nineteenth century ___ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.

10. All the worries they might have felt for him ___ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face.

Key:

1. comes  一般現在時，主語為不可數名詞，謂語用單數

2. has expanded   現在完成時 

3. has been  現在完成時

4. Standing  過去進行時的倒裝形式

5. began  一般過去時

6. makes  一般現在時，動名詞做主語，謂語用單數

7. has been living  現在完成進行時

8. had been sent  過去完成時的被動形式

9. witnessed   一般過去時

10. were driven   一般過去時的被動

2. 非謂語動詞

2.1 動詞主要時態和語態一覽表

非謂語動詞 形式 意義

現在分詞 

一 般 式 Doing 主動, 正在進行

被 動 式 being done 被動, 正在進行

完成主動式 having done 主動, 已經完成

完成被動式 having been done 被動, 已經完成

過去分詞 Done 被動, 已經完成

動詞不定式 

一 般 式 To do 主動,將要進行

被 動 式 To be done 被動, 將要進行

完成主動式 To have done 主動, 已經完成

進行主動式 To be doing 主動, 正在進行

2.2. 非謂語動詞作狀語

動詞不定式：1

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