語法復習十六：代詞

時間：2023-04-30 02:54:38 英語語法我要投稿

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語法復習十六：代詞

　　It 的用法

　　１．作人稱代詞

　　John likes playing Pingpong．/ He always does it in the afternoon．(指代上下文提到的事物)；/　　It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer．/ It's very quiet at the moment．(可指時間、天氣、環境等)

　　２．引導詞

　　　　Ａ．作形式主語，代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正主語。

　　　　It's important for us to learn a second language．/ It's no use talking to him．/ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun．

　　　　B．作形式賓語，代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正賓語。

　　　　We feel it our duty to help others．/ He made it clear that he would leave the city．

　　　　C．強調結構：It is (was) +被強調部分＋that (或who)…

　　　　注意: 在強調結構中，如被強調部分為時間狀語或地點狀語，其后的連接詞也絕不能為when 或where，而應用that 。在復習中，一定要注意句式的不同。

　　　　It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar．(that引起強調句)

　　　　It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar．(where引起定從)

　　　　It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there．(when引起時間狀語從句）

　　　　It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there．（that 引起強調句）

　　3. it，one，that 的區別：作為代詞，這三個詞的對比使用是高考的熱點之一。

　　　　NMET2000，23．

　　　　---Why don't we take a little break? ---Didn't we just have __________?

　　　　A．it B．that C．one D．this

　　　　NMET2001，25．

　　　　The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in．

　　A．they B．it 　　 C．one D．which

　　one 用以指代同類事物中的任一，that 特指性強，指代可數與不可數詞，而it指代上文提過的同一事物。

　　不定代詞

　　不定代詞種類較多，用法各異，在使用中一定要注意區別。

　　1、both，either ，neither 都表兩者范圍，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，both可用作同位語。　　both 意為"兩者都"，either 表"兩者中任一個"，neither表"兩者都不"。

　　2、any，none ，all 表三者或三者以上范圍，any 表任何一個、一些(不可數或復數概念，用于否定句、疑問句或條件從句中)；none 表三者或三者以上中的哪一個都不；表示不可數物中的一點兒也沒有；all 整個的；所有的(三者或三者以上)；所有的(不可數)。

　　　　e.g.This book is a good seller，so you can buy it at any shop in Beijing．/ None of us are/is perfect．/ All of the village was flooded．　

　　3、no one，nobody，none，nothing：no one，nobody表沒有人，nothing 指沒有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。none 著眼于數量概念。"特指的人或物一個也沒有，一點兒也沒有"。

　　　　----How many people are there in the hall ? ----None．

　　　　----who wants to go with him ? 　----No one(Nobody)．

　　　　----What can you see in the bottle ?　　----Nothing．

　　　　----Is there any water in it ?　　----None．

　　4、another，the other，the other+復數名詞(或the others)，other (或other +復數名詞)：another 表三者或三者以上范疇中的任一；與數詞連用，表"再有"；the other 表兩者中的另外那個，特指；the other+復數名詞(或the others)，另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指；others (或other+復數名詞)另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。

　　　　---I don't like this，show me another one．(NMET 2000，16)

　　　　If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay_______$15．

　　　　A．another B．other C．more D．Each (A)

　　人稱、物主、反身、指示代詞

　　高考重點要求

　　　　1．掌握人稱代詞、物主代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞的基本用法。2．重點掌握不定代詞的指代含義及數的情況，能通過語境準確選取答案。3．掌握it的基本用法。

　　　　一．人稱代詞

　　　　1）分清主格和賓格形式。

　　　　eg：---I love you more than her，child ．/ ---You mean more than ___love her or more than she loves____? 　　 A． you；me 　　B．I；you 　　 C．you；you 　　D．I；me

　　　　2)注意約定俗成的用法。

　　　　---Who is it ? 　　---It's me ．　　---I'd like to have a rest ．　　---Me，too．

　　　　3）使用we 和you 泛指一般人

　　　　4)使用she代表國家、船只、月亮、大地等

　　　　China is a great country．She has a long history．

　　　　5)并列主語或賓語中順序是：you，he(she) and I； we，you and they

　　　　二．物主代詞：名詞性物主代詞――在句中做主語、賓語、表語、補足語，構成雙重所有格：a friend of mine 。形容詞性物主代詞――只能起定語作用。

　　　　三．反身代詞

　　　　1) 在句中作賓語、表語和同位語；2)單復數的確定；3)在一些語境中的特殊含義。

　　　　e.g. I'm not quite myself today．我今天不大舒服。/ Ｍake yourself at home．不要拘禮；請隨便吧。 / Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．別緊張，喜歡吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快嗎？

　　　　四．指示代詞

　　（一）this，that，these those

　　　　1．在句子中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。

　　　　2．this(these)一般指時間和空間上較近的人或物，而that (those)常指時間和空間上較遠的人或物。e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine．

　　　　3．this(these)一般指后面要講到的事物，而that(those)常指前面講到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing．/ He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．

　　　　4．that，those 常用來指代前面提到過的某個名詞。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995．( that 代替oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．

　　　　（二）such

　　　　such引起倒裝句，謂語數取決于后面主語的數：e.g Such is my answer．/ Such are our people．

　　　　做定語，注意和so 的區別，尤其是在so …that， such…that 句型中。e.g. I have never seen such beautiful flowers．(復數名詞前，so 不可) / I have never seen such a great film．(也可為so great a film) / We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing．(不可數詞前，不可用so) / There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．(在數量概念的many，much，little，few 之前，不可用such )

　　練習（一）、代詞

　　一、強化訓練：

　　1. New English-Chinese Dictionary has been republished several times,_____ more up to date than the last edition.

　　　　 A. any B. everyone C. either D. each

　　2. After paying 1,000 dollars_____ ,you'll all become full members of our club.

　　　　 A. each B. all C. every D. both

　　3._____ was her cruelty that we all hated her.

　　　　 A. It B. What C. That D. Such

　　4. Mary has been ill in bed for a week. I wonder if she is _____ better now.

　　　　 A. much B. some C. any D. very

　　5. -Which of these two ties will you take? -I don't like these. Do you have any_____ ?

　　　　 A. one B. other C. ones D. others