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初中英語五種基本句型

時間:2023-04-30 23:41:41 資料 我要投稿
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初中英語五種基本句型

五種基本句型

初中英語五種基本句型

英語句子由主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語和定語等成分構成,依據不同的組合方式,英語簡單句有五種基本句型。

(一)S+V+P: 主語+系動詞+表語

The apples are red.

My sister is out now.

He became a scientist.

His face goes red.

It grew dark.

系動詞分為:

1. 狀態系動詞 表示一種狀態

如:be; seem (似乎) ; keep (保持);stay

2. 感官系動詞

如:sound ; look ; smell ; taste ; feel

3. 變成系動詞

如:become ; turn ; get ; go; grow

(二)S+V: 主語+不及物動詞

不能直接帶賓語的動詞是不及物動詞。

Birds fly.

Class begins.

He runs in the park.

We stopped to have a rest.

His first book came out in 2003.

He didn’t go to the cinema yesterday.

注意:

常見的只能當不及物動詞的詞。

sleep 睡覺 come 來 walk 步行 work 工作 swim 游泳 laugh 笑 happen/take place 發生

stay 呆在…… go 去 arrive 到達

(三)S+V+O: 主語+及物動詞+賓語

可以直接帶賓語的動詞是及物動詞。

She likes English.

I bought a book yesterday.

I know him very well.

Jack wrote a book in high school.

They want to go.

He stopped writing.

注意:

有些不及物動詞后面加上介詞就相當于一個及物動詞,后面就可以加賓語了。

You must listen to me.

(四)S+V+IO+DO: 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語,二者合稱為雙賓語。

有些動詞,除了帶直接賓語外,還要帶一個間接賓語。

1. 概念:

直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象。

間接賓語表示動作是對誰做的,或者是為誰做的,所以只能是名詞或賓格代詞擔當。

2. 兩種句型的相互轉換:

主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語

=主語+及物動詞+直接賓語+to/for+間接賓語(直前間后間前介) Give me the book.

=Give the book to me.

He gave Tom a book yesterday.

=He gave a book to Tom yesterday.

He will buy me some books.

=He will buy some books for me.

She made me a cake.

=He made a cake for me.

3. 注意:

a. 當直接賓語是人稱代詞時,必須用第二種句型(直前間后間前介)。 I pass it to my mother.

She threw them to me.

Give it to me.

b. “疑問詞+不定式”作直接賓語時,必須用第一種句型(直接賓語放在后面)。

句型:主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(疑問詞+不定式) He taught me how to read the word.

He asked me why to sing this song.

I told him what to do.

She asked me which way to go.

4. 常帶雙賓語的動詞。

A: 動詞后加to

give 給 show 給……看 send 寄 pass 傳遞 lend 借給 hand 交給 tell 告訴 return 歸還 write 寫信 throw 扔 offer 提供 sell 賣 B: 動詞后加for

make 制造 buy 買 do 做 get 得到

play 演奏 order 為……訂購 sing 唱歌 fetch 為 ……取來

(五)S+V+O+OC: 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語

在某些及物動詞后面,需要用一個賓語再加一個賓語的補語才能表達完整的意思。賓語和賓語補足語合稱復合賓語。

1. 名詞、形容詞和不定式都可以作賓語補足語。

I will make you captain.

Susan found the book boring.

He left the window open.

The teacher asked him to leave.

2. 感官動詞和使役動詞后的賓語補足語如果是不定式擔當,省去to。see, watch, look at, listen to, hear, feel, let, make, have

He saw the boy play by the river.

He made the boy laugh.

She listened to the pianist play the piano.

(六)第4種句型和第五種句型(雙賓語和復合賓語)的區別。 S+V+IO+DO 和S+V+O+OC的區別

He gave me a book.

He calls me Tom.

He made the boy laugh.

He showed us the photos.

I found the movie interesting.

Miss Zhang teaches us English.

總結:

a. 賓語和賓語補足語形成邏輯上的主謂關系。

b. 直接賓語只能由名詞充當,而賓語補足語可由名詞、形容詞和動詞不定式充當。

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