第3部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)

　　下面的短文后有2項測試任務：(1)第23 ~ 26題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段落每段選擇1個小標題;(2)第27 ~ 30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個最佳選項。

　　How Technology Pushes Down Price

　　1　Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production anddistribution technology. Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. People whopredicted that the world would run out of food were wrong. We are producing more and morefood with less and less capital. Food is therefore more plentiful and cheaper than it has everbeen. Spending on food compared with other goods has fallen for many years, and continues todrop.

　　2　Supermarkets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale. Like any bigbusiness, they can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them tobuy in bulk. As supermarkets get bigger, the prices get lower.

　　3　Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can putpressure on producers to cut their margins. As a result, some producers have had to makecuts. In recent years, Unilever has cut its workforce by 33, 000 to 245, 000 and dropped lots ofits minor brands as part of its “path to growth” strategy. Cadbury has shut nearly 20 percentof its 133 factories and cut 10 percent of its 55, 000 global workforce. These cuts help keepcosts down, and the price of food stays low.

　　4　Does cheap food make people unhealthy? Cheap food may encourage people to eat more.Good companies certainly think that giving people more food for their money makes them buymore. Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a betterdeal. That is why portions have got larger and larger. In America, soft drinks came in 8oz(225g) cans in the past, then 12oz (350g), and now come in 20oz (550g) cans. If a companycan sell you an 8oz portion for $7, they can sell you a 12oz portion for $ 8. The only extracost to the company is the food, which probably costs 25 cents.

　　5　Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portions for less money. But it ishard to change the trend.

　　23.Paragraph 1______

　　24.Paragraph 2 ______

　　25.Paragraph 3 ______

　　26.Paragraph 4 ______

　　A.Huge retailers force producers to cunt costs

　　B.Consumers like supermarkets

　　C.Technology helps reduce food prices

　　D.Food comes cheaper in larger portions

　　E.Chain stores provide better service

　　F.Bigger supermarkets offer lower prices

　　27.Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in _______

　　28.Some food producers have reduced ________

　　29.Besides cutting its cost, Unilever also abandoned its _______

　　30.Buyers like bigger portion because they think they have got ________

　　A.their workforce

　　B.huge portions

　　C.large quantities

　　D.their money

　　E.a good barging

　　F.minor brands

　　第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

　　第一篇 DNA testing

　　DNA testing reveals the genes of each individual person. Since the early twentieth centuryscientists have known that all human characteristics are contained in a person’s genes andare passed from parents to children. Genes work as a chemical instruction manual for eachpart and each function of the body. Their basic chemical element is called DNA, a copy of whichcan be found in every cell. The existence of genes and the chemical structure of DNA wereunderstood by the mid-1900s, but scientists have only recently been able to identify a personfrom just a drop of blood or a single hair.

　　One of the most important uses of DNA testing is in criminal investigation. The very first useof DNA testing in a criminal case was in 1985 in Great Britain, when a man confessed to killinga young woman in the English countryside. Because police had found samples of the killer’s DNAat the scene of the crime, a biologist suggested that it might be possible to compare that DNAto some from the confessor’s blood. To everyone’s surprise, the tests showed that he was notthe killer. Nor was he guilty of a similar murder that had happened some time earlier. At thatpoint he admitted that he had confessed to the crimes out of fear and police pressure. Thepolice then asked 5, 000 local men for samples of their blood, and DNA testing revealed thatone of them was the real murderer, so the first man was set free.

　　In 1992, two law professors, Peter Neufeld and Barry Scheck, decided to use DNA evidence tohelp set free such mistakenly convicted prisoners. With the help of their students, they createda not- for-profit organization called the Innocence Project. Most of their clients are poor men,many from racial and ethnic minorities. In fact, studies have shown that U. S. judges and juriesare often influenced by racial and ethnic background, and that people from minority groups aremore likely to be convicted. Some of these men had been sentenced to death, a form ofpunishment used in thirty eight states out of fifty (as of 2006). For most of these prisoners,their only hope was another trial in which DNA testing could be used to prove their innocence.

　　Between 1992 and 2006, the Innocence Project helped free 100 men. Some of these prisonershad been in jail for ten, twenty years or more for crimes they did not commit. However, thegoal of the Innocence Project is not simply to set free those who are wrongfully in jail. Theyalso hope to bring about real changes in the criminal justice system.

　　Illinois in the late 1990s, a group of journalism students at Northwestern University were ableto bring about such a change in that state. They began investigating some Illinois prisonerswho claimed to be innocent. Through DNA testing, the students were able to prove that in factthe prisoners were not guilty of the crimes they had been accused of. Thirteen of these menwere set free, and in 2000, Governor Ryan of Illinois decided to stop carrying out deathsentences until further study could be made of the prisoners’ cases.

　　The use of DNA in criminal cases is still being debated around the world. Some fear thatgovernments will one day keep records of everyone’s DNA, which could put limits on theprivacy and freedom of citizens. Other people mistrust the science of DNA testing and thinkthat lawyers use it to get their clients free whether or not they are guilty. But for those whoseinnocence has been proven and who are now free men, DNA testing has meant nothing lessthan a return to life. And with the careful use of DNA testing, no innocent person should everbe convicted again.

　　31.What is the main idea of this passage?

　　A.DNA testing has changed the American legal system.

　　B.DNA testing has helped innocent men go free in Illinois.

　　C.DNA testing uses genetics to identify a person.

　　D.DNA testing has played a key role in criminal investigation.

　　32.DNA testing was first used in a criminal case by __________.

　　A.a lawyer in New York

　　B.students in Illinois

　　C.doctors in the United States

　　D.police in Great Britain

　　33.The Innocence Project uses DNA testing to __________.

　　A.set free innocent prisoner

　　B.help the police put people in prison

　　C.find out which lawyer are incompetent

　　D.prove that suspects are guilty

　　34.Some students in Northwestern University __________.

　　A.proved some prisoners were not guilty

　　B.believed some suspects were from ethnic groups

　　C.told the governors of Illinois not to free the prisoners

　　D.showed DNA testing was not always reliable

　　35.What is the author’s attitude toward DNA testing?

　　A.Negative.

　　B.Positive.

　　C.Suspicious.

　　D.Indifferent.

　　第二篇 Going Her Own Way

　　When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. Shedecided that she wanted to continue her education. Most girls from middle-class families choseto stay home after primary school, though some attended private Catholic “finishing” schools.There they learned a little about music, art, needlework, and how to make politeconversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria—or her mother. By thistime, she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought herbooks everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to studyin the dark.

　　Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the publichigh school, something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time, there were two types of highschools: the “classical” schools and the “technical” schools. In the classical schools, thestudents followed a very traditional program of studies, with courses in Latin and Greeklanguage and literature, and Italian literature and history. The few girls who continued studyingafter primary school usually chose these schools.

　　Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modernthan the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages, mathematics, science,and accounting. Most people—including Maria’s father—believed that girls would never be able tounderstand these subjects. Furthermore, they did not think it was proper for girls to studythem.

　　Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interestedher most. But before she could sign up for the technical school, she had to win her father’sapproval. She finally did, with her mother’s help, though for many years after, there wastension in the family. Maria’s father continued to oppose her plans, while her mother helpedher.

　　In 1883, at age thirteen, Maria entered the “Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti” inRome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses includedmodern subjects, the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted ofmemorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were notsupposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were verydemanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those whofailed to achieve or were disobedient.

　　36.Maria wanted to attend a __________.

　　A.private “finishing” school

　　B.school with Latin and Greek

　　C.technical high school

　　D.school for art and music

　　37.In those days, most Italian girls__________.

　　A.went to classical schools

　　B.went to "finishing” schools

　　C.did not go to high school

　　D.went to technical schools

　　38.Maria’s father probably__________.

　　A.had very modern views about women

　　B.had very traditional views about women

　　C.had no opinion about women

　　D.thought women could not learn Latin

　　39.High school teachers in Italy in those days were __________.

　　A.very modern

　　B.very intelligent

　　C.quite scientific

　　D.quite strict

　　40.We can infer from this passage that__________.

　　A.girls usually attended private primary schools

　　B.only girls attended classical schools

　　C.girls did not like going to school

　　D.Maria was a girl of strong will

　　第三篇 Gross National Happiness

　　In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries.However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, thekingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not beenaffected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at ayoung age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outsideworld. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutanto become modern, but without losing its traditions.

　　King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measuredtheir progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money.When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. KingWangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country’s progress bypeople’s happiness. If the people’s happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan wasmaking progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross NationalHappiness(GNH).

　　GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have healthcare, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protectedenvironment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs.Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.

　　Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are livinglonger. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has becomenational parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear theirtraditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become ademocracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country stillhad a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties andpolitical candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the worldthrough television and internet.

　　Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH.These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to createnew policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.

　　Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principlesof GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. Ifhappiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

　　41.Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?

　　A.A president.

　　B.A Buddhist priest.

　　C.A general.

　　D.A king.

　　42.Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?

　　A.To make its population grow.

　　B.To keep it separate from the world.

　　C.To encourage its people to get rich.

　　D.To keep its tradition and customs.

　　43.A country shows its progress with GNP by________.

　　A.selling more products.

　　B.spending more money.

　　C.spending less money.

　　D.providing more jobs.

　　44.According to GNH, people are happier if they________.

　　A.have new technology.

　　B.can change their religion.

　　C.have a good, stable government.

　　D.have more money.

　　45.Today, many countries are________.

　　A.using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.

　　B.working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.

　　C.taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.

　　D.trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.