where“在哪里”:
Where is he? —He's upstairs/at home/in the office.他在哪里? ——他在樓上/在家里/在辦公室。
Where are John and Tom? —They are at school.約翰和湯姆在哪里? ——他們?cè)趯W(xué)校。
how“怎樣、如何”:
How is Helen? —She is very well,thank you.海倫好嗎? ——她很好,謝謝您。
How old is your son now? —He is fifteen.你兒子多大年紀(jì)了? ——他15歲了。
How is the weather today? —The weather is nice today.今天天氣怎樣? ——今天天氣很好。
2.1.7 There is/are的用法
There is/are用于表示某物或某人的存在。
1.There is/are...的肯定句
句型:There is/are + 單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 表示地點(diǎn)/場(chǎng)所的詞或短語:
There's someone at the door to see you.門口有個(gè)人要見你。
Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。
There's a cool breeze this evening.今晚有涼爽的微風(fēng)。
There are many flowers in the garden. 園子里有很多花。
引導(dǎo)詞 真正的主語 地點(diǎn)狀語
There be結(jié)構(gòu)為倒裝句,真正的主語是There is/are后的名詞,如上述例句。詳見第25章倒裝25.1完全倒裝。有的辭典將There be結(jié)構(gòu)中的There列為代詞,作be的主語(參見《郎文當(dāng)代高級(jí)英語辭典》)。
2.There is/are的否定句
句型:There is/are + not...
There is/are的否定句是在is/are后面加not:
There isn't going to be a party tonight.今晚沒有聚會(huì)。
There aren't any cakes left.沒有一點(diǎn)蛋糕剩下來。
3.There is/are的疑問句
一般疑問句句型:Is/Are there...?
There is/are的一般疑問句是將is/are調(diào)到there前面,大寫is/are的第一個(gè)字母:
Is there anything you want to tell me? 你有什么事情想告訴我嗎?
Are there enough tools to go round? 工具夠大家用嗎?
特殊疑問句句型:疑問副詞 + 形容詞 + 名詞 + is/are + there...? There is/are~的特殊疑問句是以“疑問副詞 + 形容詞 + 名詞等”開頭,之后是“is/are + there? ”:
How much are there? 有多少?
How many rooms are there in each flat? 每套房子里有多少個(gè)房間?
How many students are there in your class? 你班上有多少名學(xué)生?
【注意】 There be結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語有時(shí)不用動(dòng)詞be,而用seem,appear等:
There appeared to be no one who could answer our inquiries.似乎沒有人能回答我們的詢問。
There appears to have been a nasty accident.似乎發(fā)生了一起嚴(yán)重事故。
There seems(to be)no doubt about it.此事似乎無可置疑。
There don't seem to be any missing.好像沒有什么丟失了。
2.1.8 Here的句型
句型:Here is/are + 名詞.
用于把某物給某人。主語為名詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞放在名詞之前;主語為代詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞放在代詞之后:
Here are two boys.這里有兩個(gè)男孩。(名詞之前)
Here is the book you want.你要的書在這里。
Here is the pound I owe you.這是我欠你的英鎊。
Here they/we are! 他們/我們終于到了!(代詞之后)
但是:
Here you are(it is).(=Here is what you asked for.)你所要的東西在這里。/你找的東西在這里。
此句型還可用于引起對(duì)某物或某人注意:
Here comes the manager.經(jīng)理來了。
Here he comes.他來了。