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從句與非謂語動詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
定語從句和非謂語動詞是高中階段重要的兩大語法項目。定語從句的應(yīng)用可以使語言表達更精確更生動，顯得使用者具有較高的英語文化底蘊，以下是小編精心整理的從句與非謂語動詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
本文對英語語法中從句和非謂語動詞之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換問題進行詳細、系統(tǒng)的分析和總結(jié),旨在從淺顯易懂的例句中找出普遍統(tǒng)一的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)律,從而提高中國學(xué)生在口語表達和書面表達上的多樣性和準確性.
1、定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式
1.1定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式“to do”。
定語從句的謂語動詞是將來時或含有情態(tài)動詞或含有序數(shù)詞the next， the last等時，該定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為不定式“to do”.
（1）The plane which will arrive is from Hubei.
The plane to arrive is from Hubei。
（2）The students will go to a party that will be held in our class at 7：45.
The students will go to a party to be held in our class at 7：45.
（3）He was the first boy who came to school.
He was the first boy to come to school.
1.2定語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞或副詞+不定式”。 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句和“介詞+關(guān)系代詞或副詞+不定式”充當(dāng)?shù)亩ㄕZ，可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。被這種定語修飾的名詞往往在邏輯上充當(dāng)不定式動作的地點、時間或工具。例：
（1）She wanted a room in which she could do her homework.
She wanted a room in which to do her homework.
（2）She had only a pen with which she can write.
She had only a pen to write with.或She had only a pen with which to write.
注：定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞+不定式”時，此時的不定式一定是及物動詞，如是不及物動詞，則需在動詞后面加上相應(yīng)的介詞。這個介詞可提前到關(guān)系代詞前面，也可留在句尾。前者是正式說法后者是非正式說法。而且上例中動詞不定式與句子主語之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，否則就不能簡單地把作定語的不定式都變成此結(jié)構(gòu)。
“He is looking for a place for his friend to live in”這句話。我們就不能將句中的a place for his friend to live in改為a place to live in或a place in which to live。
2、定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為分詞（短語）
當(dāng)以關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句作定語，且關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，我們可以將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞（短語）。
2.1定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）
如果定語從句的謂語是主動語態(tài)，且發(fā)生的時間與主句的謂語所表示的動作所發(fā)生的時間同時，此時可以將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)在分詞短語）。
（1）Have you ever talked to the girl who is dancing to music over there？ Have you ever talked to the girl dancing to music over there？
（2） The question that is being discussed is about how to improve living conditions.
The question being discussed is about how to improve living conditions.
2.2定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為過去分詞（短語）
如定語從句的謂語是被動語態(tài)，或是“系動詞+過去分詞（表語）”結(jié)構(gòu)，且從句的謂語動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)是在主句的謂語之前發(fā)生或無明確的時間。此時，我們可以將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成過去分詞（短語）。有時定語從句謂語雖然是主動語態(tài).但它表示的動作在主句謂語之前就已經(jīng)完成，這時我們可以將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成過去分詞（短語）。
（1）The report that was made yesterday will be discussed today.
The report made yesterday will be discussed today.
（2）The dictionary which my mother bought for me is very useful.
The dictionary bought for me by my mother is very useful.
但以下幾種情況，一般不可把定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為分詞（短語）。
1.雖關(guān)系代詞作定語從句的主語，但如從句的謂語中含有情態(tài)動詞，則不能轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞（短語）。
Those who must hand in their homework before 12 are studying hard now.
此句不宜轉(zhuǎn)成：Those handing in their homework before 12 are studying hard now.
2.如關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語，且從句謂語是完成時的主動語態(tài)，一般不轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞（短語）。
例：The engineer who has finished his design is about to visit Hawaii.此舉不宜轉(zhuǎn)化為： The engineer having finished his design is about to visit Hawaii.
3.以關(guān)系代詞which或as引起的非限制性定語從句，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞指的是前面整個句子，將這個非限制性定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞（短語），其邏輯主語是其前面或后面的整個句子，但分詞在這個在句子里結(jié)果狀語。
例 ：The boys parents died， which left him an orphan.
His parents died， leaving him an orphan.
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