美駐華大使在北京大學的英語演講稿

　　It’s interesting to note because when you put U.S.-China relations in proper context in history, it reads like a roller coaster. Caleb Cushing was sent over here by John Tyler because there was great concern that the British were getting way too much out of their trading relationship with China.

　　有趣的是，當你把美中關系放到適當的歷史背景中觀察的話，就會發現它像一輛過山車，

美駐華大使在北京大學的英語演講稿

。約翰∙泰勒把凱萊布∙顧圣派到這里來，是因為英國從與中國的貿易關系中所得甚多，引起了美國的極大關切。

　　You’ll remember the first Opium War, right? 1837 to 1842. 1842 resulted in the Treaty of Nanjing which opened up several important ports – Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai, and one old Canton port. Trade facilitation was achieved. They lowered tariffs and they also dealt with Hong Kong, as you will recall, which later was dealt with a little differently. It was an open-ended agreement in 1842 and it later became quite specific, a 99 year lease in, I think, 1897 or 1898.

　　你們會記得第一次 戰爭，是不是?從1837年到1842年。1842年戰爭結束時簽訂了《南京條約》，開放若干重要口岸——廈門、福州、寧波、上海和舊稱Canton的廣州港。促進貿易的目的達到了。條約規定降低關稅，你們還會記得，還涉及香港問題，后來的處理方式有些不同。1842年時，這是一項沒有期限的協議，后來，我想是在1897年或1898年加以具體化，即規定了99年的租期。

　　The U.S. was very concerned about this agreement between the UK and China, which resulted after the first Opium War. President Tyler sent over Caleb Cushing, my colleague a long time ago, and he negotiated another treaty called the Treaty of Wangxia, which essentially gave the United States more of a level playing field with the UK. It similarly opened up a lot of ports forcommerce and for trade facilitation, but it also achieved a sense of extraterritoriality, the first ever, which meant that American citizens would be treated under U.S. law if they found themselves in trouble in China, which was quite unique and novel in those days, back when Ambassadors and Consuls General had enormous power over setting both trade policy for the United States, so on and so forth.

　　美國對英中之間作為第一次 戰爭結果簽訂的這項協議非常關切。泰勒總統派來一個人，擔任我現在的職務，他通過談判與中國簽訂了被稱作《望廈條約》的另一項條約，實質上給予美國更多的與英國平等競爭的條件。如同《南京條約》那樣，《望廈條約》也開放了很多通商口岸，方便了貿易活動，而且還有史以來首次授予某種治外法權，也就是說，如果美國公民在中國與他國國民發生紛爭，他們將根據美國法律得到處理，這在當時是一種非常獨特和新奇的情況，當時，駐外大使和總領事對確定美國的貿易政策等等握有巨大的權力。

　　So the roller coaster ride continued up and down.

　　這樣，過山車繼續上下飛轉，

資料共享平臺

《美駐華大使在北京大學的英語演講稿》(http://salifelink.com)。

　　Now we sit with a large complicated relationship that is multi-faceted, that covers virtually every foreign policy issue imaginable, and one that my President, Barack Obama, has asked to be handled in a positive, collaborative and comprehensive fashion.

　　現在我們面對著一個巨大復雜的多層面關系，基本上涵蓋了外交政策上可以想到的每一個問題。 總統要求我們以積極、合作和全面的方式進行處理。

　　[At a meeting in the Oval Office of the White House, President Obama] began to lay out his vision of the U.S.-China relationship, which he described as being something that he wanted to see as positive, collaborative and comprehensive, for reasons that we discussed thereafter. He said I think the headline issues really need to be the global economy, climate change and clean energy, and regional security, because those are the issues that affect not just the two countries, not just the region, but also the world, and we are the only two countries today that together can solve these issues. No one else can. I said, Mr. President, I think we can do that. I think we can achieve that in our relationship. It won’t be easy. We’ll have our ups and our downs, the roller coaster like I described earlier, but I think that’s achievable.

　　[在白宮橢圓形辦公室的一次會議上 總統] 開始描述他對于美中關系前景的規劃，他說他想看到的是一種積極、合作和全面的關系，其理由我們將在下面討論。他說最主要的問題必定是全球經濟、氣候變化、清潔能源，以及地區性安全，因為那些問題不僅影響美中兩國及地區，而且影響全世界。此外，我們是當今唯一能合力解決這些問題的兩個國家。沒有任何其他國家能夠做到。我說，總統先生，我想我們能夠做到。我相信我們能夠通過兩國關系實現這個目標。那不會很容易，我們將碰到波折起伏，就像我先前形容過的過山車一樣，但是我相信目標是能夠實現的。

　　So when President Obama stepped off his plane in Shanghai just a few days ago in a verydriving and cold rain – I was standing out on the tarmac and my shoes became waterlogged pretty quickly, and I didn’t take an extra pair of shoes, so I was quite cold that night – he arrived and found what he had hoped for, I believe: a relationship that by and large is entering a period where our focus will be more and more on global issues that the two of us increasingly can problem solve around. He also landed to find that despite our differences, and we have our differences, we are moving in a direction that is positive, collaborative, and comprehensive.

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