2024年高考(北京卷)英語試題
從小學、初中、高中到大學乃至工作，我們都可能會接觸到試題，借助試題可以更好地考核參考者的知識才能。那么問題來了，一份好的試題是什么樣的呢？以下是小編幫大家整理的2024年高考(北京卷)英語試題，歡迎大家分享。
第一部分知識運用（共兩節，30分）
第一節（共10小題；每小題1. 5分，共15分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
Id just arrived at school, ready for another school day. I was reading a book in the classroom when there was an1. “Today at 1: 10 there will be auditions（面試）for a musical.” My friends all jumped up in excitement and asked me, “Will you be going, Amy?” “Sure, ” said. I had no2in drama, but Id try out because my friends were doing it.
At 1: 10, there was a3outside the drama room. Everyone looked energetic. I hadnt expected Id be standing there that morning. But now that I was doing it, I4felt nervous. What if I wasnt any good?
I entered the room and the teachers made me say some lines from the musical. They then5my singing skills and asked what role I wanted to play. The teachers were smiling and praising me. I felt like I had a6, so I said, “A big role.” They said they’d look into it. I started getting really nervous. What if I didnt get a main role?
Soon, the cast list was7. My friends checked and came back shouting, “Amy, you got the main role! ” Sure enough, my name was at the top. I just stared at it and started to8. I was so happy.
After two months we were all prepared and ready to go on stage. It was fun. And when people started9, that gave me a boost of confidence. It stayed with me and made me feel10. I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun—even if it means stepping out of my comfort zone.
1. A. assignment B. initiative C. announcement D. interview
2. A. hesitancy B. interest C. worry D. regret
3. A. game B. show C. play D. line
4. A. suddenly B. continuously C. originally D. generally
5. A. advertised B. tested C. challenged D. polished
6. A. demand B. credit C. dream D. chance
7. A. traded B. posted C. questioned D. claimed
8. A. well up B. roll in C. stand out D. go off
9. A. whispering B. arguing C. clapping D. stretching
10. A. funnier B. fairer C. cleverer D. braver
第二節（共10小題；每小題1. 5分，共15分）
閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。
A
Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time11（rest ） allows us to develop a deeper sense of12（self-aware）. When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and13（give）us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear14（boundary）in our personal and professional life.
B
On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood15（ name）the worlds oldest living man. And when16（ask）about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation（適度）. Tinniswood,17doesnt smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, youre going to suffer eventually,” he said.
C
One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought18myself, “Why would he carry all his books? ” Just then, some kids ran at him,19（knock）his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I20（jog）over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!”
第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節，38分）
第一節（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
A
The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective. Students who successfully complete the programme will receive one credit each.
Requirements for completion:
One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term
18 weekly one-hour pair meetings
Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings
At least three pair-teacher meetings
One five-minute final video
Sign up!
The sign-up and registration process is as follows:
Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning.
Based on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified.
Proficiency（熟練）levels are confirmed through coursework or placement tests.
Once a pair has been determined to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme,
Reminders:
Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate. Pairs are matched by languages of interest and proficiency levels. Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme.
21. In the programme, students will _________.
A. chair daily meetings B. evaluate the exchange
C. meet teachers each week D. practise their language skills
22. To complete the programme, students are required to _________.
A. development tests B. participate in pair meetings
C. welcome new students D. work on weekly videos
23. What do students need to do during the registration?
A. Indicate their languages of interest. B. Select their own coursework.
C. Make individual contact. D. Choose their partners.
B
When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns.
In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since. I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. Id been over-confident. Now Id been declared talentless.
But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling（亂畫）. In my30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldnt let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo（禁忌） high form I wasnt allowed to practise.
One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something Id lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints.
Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going.
Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.
24. How did the author feel about the result of the art exam?
A. Scared. B. Worried. C. Discouraged. D. Wronged.
25. In her 30s, the author_________.
A. avoided oil painting practice B. sought for a painting career
C. fancied abstract painting D. exhibited child paintings
26. Which word would best describe the authors dream?
A. Confusing. B. Empowering. C. Disturbing. D. Entertaining.
27. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Hard work is the mother of success.
C. Dreams are the reflections of realities. D. Creative activities involve being confident.
C
The notion that we live in someone elses video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis”（模擬假說）returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation—a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether its true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.
The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive（認知的）functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical（實證的） experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning wont reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that arecontingent onour social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.
So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation?” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors（隱喻） that are familiar to us. In Newtons era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einsteins, we uncovered the standard model of particle（粒子） physics.
Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become.
It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.
28. What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis?
A. Make an assumption. B. Illustrate an argument.
C. Give a suggestion. D. Justify a comparison.
29. What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2probably mean?
A. Accepted by. B. Determined by. C. Awakened by. D. Discovered by.
30. As for Kants argument, the author is _________.
A. appreciative B. doubtful C. unconcerned D. disapproving
31. It is implied in this passage that we should _________.
A. compare the current models with the previous ones
B. continue exploring the classical models in history
C. stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation
D. turn simulations of the universe into realities up.
D
Franz Boass description of Inuit（因紐特人）life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms（規范）were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in music al battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Cariada being so demanding, the Inuits practical approach to morality made good sense.
The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social groups history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts（本能）include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.
The mechanism involves re purposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.
Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.
32. What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuits moral code?
A. Living conditions were the drive. B. Unwritten rules were the target.
C. Social tradition was the basis. D. Honesty was the key.
33. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies. B. Basic human needs lead to universal norms.
C. Language capacity is limited by self-control. D. Written laws have great influence on virtues.
34. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B. The Values of Self-discipline
C. Brains: Walls Against Chaos D. The Roots of Morality
第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）
根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
If you want to develop maximum credibility（可信性）, is it better to be a hedgehog（刺猬） or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.
Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.35 And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at.36 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.
37 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.
The advantage that. foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information.38 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and dont know.
So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style.39 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog.
A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.
B. They are more likely to remember peoples mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.
D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.
E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others reactions and inputs.
F. When something is contradictory to their view, they dont treat it as exceptional.
G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.
第三部分書面表達（共兩節，32分）
第一節（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）
閱讀下面短文，根據題目要求用英文回答問題。
Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve.
As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures.
During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence.
My adviser and I devised（想出） a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating（合作的）lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab.
My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist.
40. In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
41. What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The adviser considered the authors experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
43. From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? （In about 40 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
第二節（20分）
假設你是紅星中學高三學生李華。你的外國好友 Jim 準備給其校報的Asia Today欄目投稿。得知今年新中國成立75 周年，他打算重點介紹中國的發展成就，發來郵件詢問你的建議。請你用英文給他回復，內容包括：
（1）建議投稿內容；
（2）就以上建議簡要說明理由。
注意: （1）詞數100左右;
（2）開頭和結尾已給出，不計入總詞數。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
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