雅思閱讀模擬試題：錢幣

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　　雅思閱讀模擬試題：錢幣

　　In the earliest stages of man’s development he had no more need of money than animals have. He was content with very simple forms of shelter, made his own rough tools and weapons and could provide food and clothing for himself and his family from natural materials around him. As he became more civilized, however, he began to want better shelter, more efficient tools and weapons, and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighborhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands. For these things he had to turn to the skilled people such as smiths, leather workers or carpenters. It was then that the question of payment arose.

　　At first he got what he wanted by a simple process of exchange. The smith who had not the time to look after land or cattle was glad to take meat or grain from the farmer in exchange for an axe or a plough. But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came on the market, exchange became too complicated to be satisfactory. Another problem arose when those who made things wanted to get stocks of wood or leather, or iron, but had nothing to offer in exchange until their finished goods were ready.

　　Thus the difficulties of exchange led by degrees to the invention of money. In some countries easily handled things like seeds or shells were given a certain value and the farmer, instead of paying the smith for a new axe by giving him some meat or grain, gave him so many shells. If the smith had any shells left when he had bought his food, he could get stocks of the raw materials of his trade. In some countries quite large things such as cows or camels or even big flat stones were used for trade. Later, pieces of metal, bearing values according to the rarity of the metal and the size of the pieces, or coins were used. Money as we know it had arrived.

　　1、Why has the exchange of items become difficult?

　　A. Humans have become more civilized.

　　B. Blacksmiths have started taking care of land or livestock in their free time.

　　C. More and more commodities without fixed exchange values have entered the market.

　　D. Farmers do not have enough grain or meat to provide to skilled individuals.

　　2、When was money first used?

　　A. After paper was invented.

　　B. When people started practicing simple barter exchanges.

　　C. When there was nothing left to exchange.

　　D. When exchanging one item for another became too complicated.

　　3、What is the best title for this article?

　　A. What is Money?

　　B. What are the Functions of Money?

　　C. The Importance of Money.

　　D. The Origin of Money.

　　答案

　　1、C：根據文章內容，“But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came on the market, exchange became too complicated to be satisfactory.”（但隨著越來越多沒有固定交換價值的商品進入市場，交換變得過于復雜而不再令人滿意。）因此，正確答案是C。

　　2、D：根據文章內容，“Thus the difficulties of exchange led by degrees to the invention of money.”（因此，交換的困難逐漸導致了錢幣的發明。）以及“If the exchange of one thing for another became too complicated.”（如果一種物品交換另一種物品變得過于復雜。）可知，錢幣開始被使用是在物物交換變得過于復雜時，因此正確答案是D。

　　3、D：文章主要講述了錢幣的起源，從人類最初的物物交換到錢幣的發明和使用，因此最佳標題是D，“錢幣的起源”。

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