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英語(yǔ)中考語(yǔ)法（六）連詞專題復(fù)習(xí)
連詞分類:并列連詞,從屬連詞.(見(jiàn)《中考總復(fù)習(xí)》第31--36頁(yè))復(fù)習(xí)方式：讓先學(xué)生看書(shū)，然后做練習(xí)，總結(jié)歸納補(bǔ)充。
連詞是一種在句子與句子之間，短語(yǔ)之間以及名詞等其他詞語(yǔ)之間起連接作用的虛詞，它不能單獨(dú)作句子的成份。按其意義可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。
并列連詞連接的雙方是對(duì)等的。
常有的并列連詞有and, both…and, either…or, neither…nor， not only…but also, as well as等。但如果連接的兩部分意義不趨向一致，意義有轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞有：but, however, while (而)，only (只不過(guò))。還有表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞，如：or, or else, otherwise… 再有的是連接雙方，互為因果，或表示前因后果的連詞有：for, so, therefore (因此)，then等。
從屬連詞在初中范圍內(nèi)常常用來(lái)連接名詞性從句，如：that, if, whether, 其次用來(lái)連接狀語(yǔ)從句。其中有原因狀語(yǔ)從句，常用的連接詞有：when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 連接條件狀語(yǔ)的連詞有：if, unless, as long as 等，而原因狀語(yǔ)的連接詞有because, since, as, now that (既然)。目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、地點(diǎn)等狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：so that, so…that, such…that, as…as, than, where… 它們?cè)诰渥优c文章中幾乎無(wú)處不見(jiàn)。
具體用法見(jiàn)下表。
連詞用法一覽表
種類
功用
例句
并列連詞
連接具有并列關(guān)系的
詞
He knows neither English nor French.
短語(yǔ)
Are you going by bus or on foot?
分句
Mary was a good girl, but she had one shortcoming.
從屬連詞
引導(dǎo)：
狀語(yǔ)從句
I'll do it as you told me.
You will be late unless you hurry.
連接代詞和連接副詞
主語(yǔ)從句
What he said proved true.
When we'll start has not been decided yet.
表語(yǔ)從句
This is why he didn't come yesterday.
That is where he lives.
賓語(yǔ)從句
The man asked me which I liked best.
I can't understand why she is so late.
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞
定語(yǔ)從句
Nicotine is a drug that gets one into the habit of smoking.
He came last night when I was out.
The 1st period
1.并列連詞引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列的句子。
1) and 與or
判斷改錯(cuò)：
(錯(cuò)) They sat down and talk about something.
(錯(cuò)) They started to dance and sang.
(錯(cuò)) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
(對(duì)) They sat down and talked about something.
(對(duì)) They started to dance and sing.
(對(duì))I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
解析：
第一句： and 連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)，所以 talk 應(yīng)改為 talked。
第二句：and 連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式，第二個(gè)不定式往往省略to，因此sang 應(yīng)改為 sing。
第三句：and 連接感觀動(dòng)詞saw 后面的用作的賓補(bǔ)的兩個(gè)并列分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，因此whisper應(yīng)改為whispering。
注意：and 還可以和祈使句或名詞詞組連用表示條件。（or也有此用法）
Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.
= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.
One more effort, and you'll succeed.
= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed.
2) both …and 兩者都
She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.
3) not only…but (also), as well as不但…而且）
She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.
注意： not only… but also 關(guān)聯(lián)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，一個(gè)分句因有否定詞not 而必須倒裝。
Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
4) neithe…nor 意思為"既不……也不……"謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近原則，與nor后的詞保持一致。
Neither you nor he is to blame.
2 比較and和or
1) 并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。
2) 但有時(shí)and 也可用于否定句。請(qǐng)注意其不同特點(diǎn)：
There is no air or water in the moon.
There is no air and no water on the moon.
在否定中并列結(jié)構(gòu)用or 連接，但含有兩個(gè)否定詞的句子實(shí)際被看作是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，因此要用and。
典型例題
---I don't like chicken ___ fish.
---I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.
A. and； and B. and； but C. or； but D. or；and
答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表轉(zhuǎn)折。
判斷改錯(cuò)：
(錯(cuò)) We will die without air and water.
(錯(cuò)) We can't live without air or water.
(對(duì)) We will die without air or water.
(對(duì)) We can't live without air and water.
3 表示選擇的并列結(jié)構(gòu)
1) or 意思為"否則"。
I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.
2) either…or 意思為"或者……或者……"。注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近原則。
Either you or I am right.
The 2nd period
4 表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?/p>
1) but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，while表示對(duì)比。
Some people love cats, while others hate them.
典型例題
--- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
--- I'd like to, ___ I'm too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
答案D。but與前面形成轉(zhuǎn)折，符合語(yǔ)意。而表并列的and，結(jié)果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。
2) not…but… 意思為"不是……而是……"
not 和but 后面的用詞要遵循一致原則。
They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.
5 表原因關(guān)系
1) for
判斷改錯(cuò)：
(錯(cuò)) For he is ill, he is absent today.
(對(duì)) He is absent today, for he is ill.
for是并列連詞，不能置于含兩個(gè)并列分句的句子的句首，只能將其放在兩個(gè)分句中間。
2) so, therefore
He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game.
注意：
a. 兩個(gè)并列連詞不能連用，但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列連詞連用。
You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed.
He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game.
b. although… yet…，但although不與 but連用。
(錯(cuò)) Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work..
(對(duì)) Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work.
6 比較so和 such
其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副
詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many，few，much， little連用，形成固定搭配。
so + adj. such + a(n) + n.
so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. [不可數(shù)] such +n. [不可數(shù)]
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。
so…that與such…that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。
Ｅg :The MP3 cost me ________ money that I ccouldn't afford to buy it .
A .so much .B .such much C .so many
D . such many .(Key :A )
注意:too .... to .. ,so ..... that .... , such .... that .... , enough ..... to ...., 的互換．
so that to = in
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