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強(qiáng)調(diào)句型之我見
在中學(xué)英語教學(xué)中,提到強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí),通常指的是:“It be…that…”這一結(jié)構(gòu)(簡(jiǎn)稱It-type強(qiáng)調(diào)句)。這確實(shí)是一個(gè)非常有用的句型,在中學(xué)英語課本中也多次出現(xiàn),例如:It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes.
It-type強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特征是:如果我們把“It be…that…”從句中劃去,所剩的正好是一個(gè)完整的句子。例如,上面第一句經(jīng)過處理后就成了: Not only blind men make such stupid mistakes. 它的意思仍然是完整的,只是強(qiáng)調(diào)意味已經(jīng)失去。實(shí)際上“It be…that…”只不過是一個(gè)框架而已,它的各 部份在句子中均不擔(dān)任成份。It-type句型強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語時(shí),有幾個(gè)方面是必須注意的:
(1)條件,讓步狀語從句不能強(qiáng)調(diào),例如:If it rains, we won't go out. 不能強(qiáng)調(diào)為:It is if it rains that we won't go out.
(2)It-type強(qiáng)調(diào)句可強(qiáng)調(diào)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句,但不可強(qiáng)調(diào)as, since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句,例如:I do it because I like it.可強(qiáng)調(diào)為:It is because I like it that I do it.
(3)It-type強(qiáng)調(diào)句可強(qiáng)調(diào)so that引起的目的狀語從句,但不能強(qiáng)調(diào)so that引起的結(jié)果狀語從句,例如:The six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a “l(fā)ook”. 可強(qiáng)調(diào)為:It was so that they could have a “l(fā)ook” that the six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast.
(4)對(duì)由until引起的短語或從句強(qiáng)調(diào),要注意否定前移,例如:I didn't learn it until yesterday. 寫成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型應(yīng)該是:It was not until yesterday that I learned it.
在中學(xué)英語課本中還多次出現(xiàn)“What…be…”結(jié)構(gòu)的句型(簡(jiǎn)稱wh-type強(qiáng)調(diào)句),它同樣具有很濃的強(qiáng)調(diào)意 味,例如:What we need is more time. 我們可以用對(duì)待It-type強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法,把“What…be…”作為一個(gè)框架而劃去,所剩的也是一個(gè)完整的句子 :We need more time. 不同的是,what和be在句子中都可以擔(dān)任成份。上面這個(gè)句子可以看成是What引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句,而be則是系動(dòng)詞,后接表語。What I feel is hungry.
wh-type強(qiáng)調(diào)句還可以通過使用代動(dòng)詞do來強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的謂語動(dòng)詞或作賓語補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞,例如:What I did was (to) turn off the tap.另外也值得一提的是“A is A”這一結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,這類句子的語勢(shì)是很強(qiáng)的,例如: You are quite right. Teacher is teacher. 當(dāng)名詞前帶有修飾語時(shí),表語常含有“真正的”的意思,例如:Spoken English is English.
(作者單位系湖南省龍山縣紅巖中學(xué))
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