職稱英語理工類B真題及答案精選4套
在學習、工作生活中，我們最少不了的就是考試真題了，考試真題是命題者按照一定的考核目的編寫出來的。什么樣的考試真題才是好考試真題呢？下面是小編精心整理的職稱英語理工類B真題及答案，歡迎大家借鑒與參考，希望對大家有所幫助。
職稱英語理工類B真題及答案 1
第3部分：概況大意與完成句子
First Image-recognitions software
1) Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.
2)The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm(運算法則)for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel(像素)data in images and potentially video—rather than just text—to locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned(收集)from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions(圖片說明),making for more accurate document search results.
3)“Over the last 30 years,” says Associate Professor Korenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study,” the web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia datastet, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures of videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately get the gist(主旨)of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popular search engine, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Wed pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search.”
4)The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system—a type of artificialintelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed— that extracts semantic(語義的)information from pixels of photos in Web pages. This informationg is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries(查詢)on a database of 50 million Wed pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found tht this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.
23. Paragraph 1 _____
24. Paragraph 2 _____
25. Paragraph 3 _____
26 Paragraph 4 _____
A. Popularity of the new system
B. Publication of the new discovery
C .Function of the new system
D. Artificial intelligence software created
E. Problems of the existing search engines
F .Improvement in document retrieval
27. The new system does document retrieval by _____.
28. The new system is expected to improve precision in _____.
29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore _____.
30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the _____.
A. information in images
B. current popular search engines
C. using photos
D. machine vision systems
E. document search
F. description of the HTML page
職稱英語理工類B真題及答案 2
1. The doctor looked over Peter carefully after he ___ to the hospital.
A. takes
B. is taken
C. took
D. was taken
2. — Did you go to Jack’s birthday party?
— No, I __.
A. am not invited
B. wasn’t invited
C. haven’t invited
D. didn’t invite
3. —Did you win the basketball game?
—Bad luck, our team __ in the final one.
A. won
B. beat
C. was won
D. was beaten
4. The children without parents __ good care of by their teachers in this special school.
A. takes
B. take
C. is taken
D. are taken
5. I believe that those mountains __ with trees in a few years’ time.
A. are covered
B. will be covered
C. are covering
D. will cover
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. B
職稱英語理工類B真題及答案 3
If U.S. software companies don’t pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top U.S. quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country.
Already, of the world’s 12 software houses that have earned the highest rating in the world, seven are in India. That’s largely because they have used new methodologies rejected by American software specialists. For example, for decades, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming and J. M. Juran had urged U.S. software companies to change their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the U.S. -but not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was grabbing market share with better, cheaper products. They used Deming’s and Juran’s ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs. In U.S. factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%. In software, it still is.
Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance. But his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60% of total software production costs. It fell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10%.
Like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be wining more praises overseas than at home. The India government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai, India.
Let’s hope that U.S. lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems.
EXERCISE:
1. what country has more highest-rating companies in the world than any other country has?
A) Germany.
B) The U.S.
C) Brazil
D) India
2. Which of the following statements about Humphrey is true?
A) He is now still an IBM employer.
B) He has worked for IBM for 37 years.
C) The US pays much attention to his quality advice.
D) India honors him highly.
3. By what means did Japan grab its large market share by the 1970s and the 1980s?
A) Its products were cheaper in price and better in quality.
B) Its advertising was most successful.
C) The US hardware industry was lagging behind .
D) Japan hired a lot of India software specialists.
4.What does the founding of the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute symbolize?
A) It symbolizes the US determination to move ahead with its software
B) It symbolizes the India ambition to take the lead in software.
C) It symbolizes the Japanese efforts to solve the software quality problem.
D) It symbolizes the Chinese policy on importing software.
5.What is the writer worrying about?
A) Many US software specialists are working for Japan.
B) The quality problem has become a worldwide problem.
C) The US will no longer be the first software player in the world.
D) India and Japan are joining hands to compete with the US.
Key: D D A B C
職稱英語理工類B真題及答案 4
Why So Many Children? 為什么有這么多的孩子
In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia , the population is growing fast . The reason for this is simple ： Women in these countries have a high birth rate — from 3. 0 to 7. 0 children per woman . The majority of these women are poor , without the food or resources to care for their families .Why do they have many so children ? Why don’t they limit the size of their families ? The answer may be that they often have no choice . There are several reasons for this .
非洲和亞洲的很多發展中國家，人 P 增長迅速。原因很簡單：這些國家的女人生育率很 高——每個 女人平均有三個到七個孩子。這些女人大部分都很窮，沒有足夠的食物和資源來照顧家庭。為什么她們 要有這么多孩子呢?為什么她們不限制家庭的大小呢?答案是大多數時候她們 沒辦法選擇。這有很多原因。
One reason is economic . In a traditional agricultural economy , large families are helpful .Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. 1 In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children do not help a family ; instead, they are an expense. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War Ⅱ, Italys economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, the worlds lowest.
其中之一是經濟原因。傳統的農業經濟中，家庭成員數目多是十分有利的。孩子多意味著田里的勞 動力多且有人給父母養老。在工業經濟國家中情況就不同了。多數孩子不幫助家里，而是 增加家庭開銷。 因此，工業化極大降低了生育率。這是意大利的一個例子，意大利最近幾年工業化發展十分迅速。在20 世紀前葉，意大利是個貧窮的農業國家，有著很高的生育率。第二次世界 大戰之后，意大利的現代化和工業化十分迅速。世紀之末其生育率降到世界最低，平均每個女人 1. 3個孩子
However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. Saudi Arabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Nevertheless, it also has a very high birth rate (7. 0). Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand, are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recently reduced their population growth.
然而經濟并不是唯一重要的影響出生率的因素。以沙特阿拉伯為例，那里并沒有以農業為基礎的經 濟，而且是人均收入最高的國家之一。然而還是有很高的生育率(7. 0)。而像墨西哥和印 度尼西亞，主要 是農業經濟的窮國，但他們的人口還在不斷地下降。
Clearly, other factors are involved. The most important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women. 2 This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home . On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries .Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.
很明顯有其他的因素。最重要的就是婦女的狀況。高的生育率往往與婦女缺乏教育與社會地位低下 相關。這就能解釋沙特阿拉伯的出生率為什么如此之髙。傳統的文化使婦女缺乏教育或者 不能獨立，并 且在外生存的技能很少。相反，墨西哥、泰國、印度尼西亞的生育率就低。他們的政府給婦女提供更多的教育和機會。
Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down. This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families.
另一個重要的因素是計劃生育。女人們也許想限制家庭的'大小，但是她們沒有辦法。一些倡導計劃 生育的政府為她們提供有效而且不貴的方式，生育率下降。比如新加坡、斯里蘭卡、印度 和印度尼西亞、 泰國、墨西哥、巴西。在這些國家婦女被提供健康和計劃生育的幫助。
These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions. 3 It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any real chance of success.
這些趨勢表明有效的控制人口的方案并不依賴于良好的經濟狀況。如果是致力于幫助婦女適應她們 的需求那么就是有效的。事實上只有這樣，才能有機會取得成功。
詞匯：
industrialization n工業化
possibility n可能性，可能發生的事物
effective adj有效的，起作用的，實際的
注釋：
1. In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. 傳統的農業經濟中，家庭成員數目多是十分有利的。孩子多意味著田里的勞動力多,且有人給父母養老。
2. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women. 高的生育率往往與婦女缺乏教育與社會地位低下相關。
3. These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions. 這些趨勢表明有效的控制人口的方案并不依賴于良好的經濟狀況。
練習：
1. In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family_______.
A. can be an advantage
B. may limit income
C. isn’t necessary
D. is expensive
1. A 本題的問題是：在傳統的農業經濟中，大家庭的影響是什么?從文中第二段第二句和第三句 話可以得出明確的答案。 In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. 所以答案為 A，是優勢。
2. When countries become industrialized, _______.
A. families often become larger
B. the birth rate generally goes down
C. women usually decide not have a family
D. the population generally grows rapidly
2. B 本題的問題是：當國家工業化后，人口和出生率的狀況是什么?從第二段意大利的例子可以明確得出答案。In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War Ⅱ, Italys economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. 由此可見出生率降低。
3. According to this passage, Italy today is an example of an _______.
A. agricultural country with a high birth rate
B. agricultural country with a low birth rate
C. industrialized country with a low birth rate
D. industrialized country with a high birth rate
3. C 本題的問題是：本文舉出意大利的例子要說明什么?從第二段意大利的前后對比的情況可以看出正確答案為 C。
4. Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage because it shows that _______.
A. the most important factor influencing birth rate is the economy
B. factors other than the economy influence birth rate
C. women who have a high income usually have few children
D. the birth rate depends on per capita income
4. B 本題的問題是：文中提到沙特阿拉伯的例子說明了什么?由第三段開頭可知，However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. 下面將要介紹其他因素，之后以沙特阿拉伯為例。故正確答案為 B，經濟以外影響出生率的因素。
5. In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government _______.
A. is not concerned about the status of women
B. has tried to industrialize the country rapidly
C. does not allow women to work outside the home
D. has tried to improve the condition of women
5. D 本題的問題是： 墨西哥、 泰國、 印度尼西亞的政府采取了怎樣的措施?從文中第四段后半部分On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women. 可以得出結論。另一方面從第四段開頭也可以得出結論。The most important of these is the condition of women. 之后舉出這幾個國家的例子，從而也可以得出結論。
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