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英語語法:過去將來時的典型例題解析
正如我們通常要在時間狀語從句以及條件狀語從句使用一般現在時代替一般將來時一樣,如果在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中,因語義的需要而使過去將來時,那么應改用一般過去時。如:
他說要是第二天下雨他們就待在家里。
誤:He said they would stay at home if it would rain the next day.
正:He said they would stay at home if it rained the next day.
另外,當by the time后接一個句子起將狀語從句時,其后的從句用一般現在時代替一般將來時,用一般過去時代替過去將來時。如下面是北京卷的一道高考題:
When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ______ up, her voice had been full of life.
A. were hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang
分析:C。從邏輯上說,當我在電話里和奶奶聊天時,她的聲音聽起來很虛弱;但到我們要掛電話時,她的聲音又充滿朝氣。從邏輯上說,應該是“奶奶的聲音又充滿朝氣”在先,“我們掛斷電話”在后,如果是反過來的話,那說話者就無法聽知道“奶奶的聲音又充滿朝氣”之回事了。所以“掛斷電話”應用一般過去時。另外,由于by the time后接句子引導時間狀語從句時,從句謂語通常要用一般現在時代替一般將來時,用一般過去時代替過去將來時,所以選項D不能選。
過去將來時典型考題:
1. Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?
A. would sign B. signed C. have signed D. had signed
分析:A。根據主句謂語動詞predict(預計)的意思可知,從句應用過去將來時,即指預計將要發生某事。又如:
She predicted that the improvement would continue. 她預測情況將繼續好轉。
2. He didn’t sell half as many videos as he thought he ______.
A. had B. would C. was D. sold
分析:B。he would為he would sell之省略,為過去將來時,表示在當時看來將會出現的情況。句意為:他售出的錄像帶還不到他設想的一半。又如:
It’s curious (that) Billy hasn’t phoned when he promised he would. 比利答應要打電話來的,但一直沒有打,這很反常。
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