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考研英語閱讀:如何總結理解的段落大意
下文用兩步教你快速總結出閱讀理解中的段落大意。
結論題與推理題在解題思路和方法上有許多相似之處，但是推理題偏重于推理過程，而結論題偏重于歸納過程。解答結論題時一定要根據題目要求，就短文有關內容做出合乎邏輯的、可靠的結論。有時為了克服片面性，可以擴大閱讀范圍，否則獲得信息的范圍太窄，結論便欠妥。因此，解答此類試題既要以事實為依據，也要依據自己的常識和經驗;既要重視文章主題，也要重視發展或印證主題的細節;而尤為重要的是把握作者的寫作意圖。注意過于概括、過于全面或過于細節化的選項，往往屬于干擾項。
(1)先了解全文，把握主題
考生可以通過首尾段、文章結構、或歸納整理各段信息迅速了解主題。然后再通過主題與細節的關系進行合乎理性的歸納。
Example
The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. (2000年 Passage 5)
From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained .
[A] secretly and vigorously
[B] openly and enthusiastically
[C] easily and momentarily
[D] verbally and spiritually
該段談到人們對雄心的攻擊遠多于對它的維護，因此本應是一種健康公開的品質得不到很多支持。第四句和第五句指出了不公開表達雄心帶來的不良后果，由此可以推出人們不應該隱瞞自己的雄心。此外，縱觀全文，作者提倡的是正確對待雄心，坦言自己的抱負。因此[B]選項"公開而熱情地"是作者提倡的對待雄心的正確態度。
(2)把握作者的寫作意圖
Example
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom. (2001年 Passage 1)
The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate.
[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation
[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
[C] the change of policies in scientific publications
[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
前一段談到，業余研究者進入專業領域很難的趨勢在某些科學領域尤為突出，英國地質學的發展就說明了這一問題。后一段通過對19世紀英國地質學及其出版物的變化、研究方式的變化、非專業人員研究過程的困難等的陳述，說明專業人員和業余人員之間的分化越來越明顯。因此可引申推理出作者的寫作目的正是描述[A]選項 "職業化和專業化形成的過程"。
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