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考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析(25)
Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line�！� And one leading authority says that, these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it�！�
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day”， says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement。
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events—until, it appears, we begin to dream。
And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep。
At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you’ll feel better in the morning。
31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams
[A] can be modified in their courses。
[B] are susceptible to emotional changes。
[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears。
[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs。
32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show
[A] its function in our dreams。
[B] the mechanism of REM sleep。
[C] the relation of dreams to emotions。
[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex。
33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to
[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind。
[B] develop into happy dreams。
[C] persist till the time we fall asleep。
[D] show up in dreams early at night。
34. Cartwright seems to suggest that
[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams。
[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control。
[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression。
[D] dreams may not entirely belong to the unconscious。
35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?
[A] Lead your life as usual。
[B] Seek professional help。
[C] Exercise conscious control。
[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime。
名師解析
31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams 研究人員已經逐步相信夢
[A] can be modified in their courses. 可以在過程中被修改。
[B] are susceptible to emotional changes. 容易受到情感變化的影響。
[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears. 反應我們內心的欲望與恐懼。
[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs. 是神經修復的隨機結果。
【答案】 A
【考點】 事實細節題。
【分析】 題干關鍵詞“researcher”在第一段第四句出現，而在此之前，作者主要介紹了過去有關夢的定義，包括“Freud”(弗洛伊德)以及“20世紀70年代神經學家”的說法。第四句開始，文章作者提到了當代的研究者的觀點“夢可以調節人的情緒，夢不僅可以被駕馭，還可以有意識地對其進行控制，夢可以改變�！蓖ㄟ^這樣的一個分析比較歸納，考生應該能夠比較容易地得出[A]這個正確答案。選項[B]屬于干擾項，但是出題人故意偷梁換柱，將夢影響情緒說成情緒影響夢。選項[C]是“Freud”的理論，選項[D]是70年代的理論。
32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show
作者提及邊緣系統是為了說明
[A] its function in our dreams. 它在我們夢中的功能。
[B] the mechanism of REM sleep. 快速眼睛運動睡眠的機制。
[C] the relation of dreams to emotions. 夢和情緒的關系。
[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex.. 它和前額皮層的區別。
【答案】 C
【考點】 推斷題。
【分析】 在第二段第三句中可以找到邊緣系統及其含義，然后根據上下文談論的內容，如上文的“情感大腦”和下文的專家的話，從而判斷出答案是選項[C]。其他的三項，文中提到“邊緣系統屬于情感大腦”，但是并沒有說它在夢中的功能，所以選項[A]不正確。文中對快速眼睛運動睡眠只不過給了個簡單的詞匯解釋，并沒有對其機制進行任何的講解，故選項[B]擴大了范圍。文中提到“前額皮層”，說它是智力和推理中心，但是沒有講解它和邊緣系統的關系，所以選項[D]也屬于典型的無中生有型干擾項。
33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to
白天產生的負面的情緒趨于
[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind. 在潛意識里面加劇。
[B] develop into happy dreams. 演變成快樂的夢。
[C] persist till the time we fall asleep. 一直持續到我們睡著。
[D] show up in dreams early at night. 在夜間早些時候出現在夢里。
【答案】 D
【考點】 事實細節題。
【分析】 做此題時，要求考生能夠根據上下文尋找到正確的事實，“負面情緒”這個詞組出處在第三段，在此之前作者有一句非常關鍵的話“大多數人看上去會在夜間早些時候做噩夢，然后發展成為快樂的夢，表明他們正在力圖消除白天產生的負面情緒”�？梢娺x項[A]加劇的說法正好相反，而[C]選項顯然顯得過早。最大的干擾源于選項[B]和選項[D]之間的聯系與區別，很多考生選擇了[B]，但是仔細閱讀上文就會發現，負面的情緒會在惡夢里面出現，也就是在夜間早些時候出現，但是我們不能直接說負面的情緒直接演變成快樂的夢，而只能說，負面情緒通過惡夢向美夢轉變的方式獲得消除。所以說這道題目的干擾項[B]是出題人利用偷換概念的方式來迷惑考生的。
34. Cartwright seems to suggest that 卡特懷特似乎認為
[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams。
及時蘇醒對于擺脫噩夢非常重要。
[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control。
想象噩夢有利于控制它們。
[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression。
應該讓夢自然發展。
[D] dreams may not entirely belong to the unconscious。
做夢可能未必完全處于無意識狀態。
【答案】 D
【考點】 事實細節題。
【分析】 通過閱讀所有卡特懷特的內容，終于發現可以在第四段第二句卡特懷特所相信的這一部分內容中找到答案的線索。這一段的主旨是“這一過程不一定是無意識的”，緊接著，“卡特懷特相信人能夠對屢次出現的噩夢進行有意識的控制，比如：確認你夢中令你不安的事情，想象一下你想如何結束它，以及在下次做同樣的夢時醒過來。”作者說這么多
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