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考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析(十六)
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage-spying as a “profession。” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well。
The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world。
Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com。
Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine。“As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we'll hear back from some of them。” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep。
Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice。
21. The emergence of the Net has
[A] received support from fans like Donovan。
[B] remolded the intelligence services.
[C] restored many common pastimes。
[D] revived spying as a profession。
22. Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to
[A] introduce the topic of online spying。
[B] show how he fought for the U.S。
[C] give an episode of the information war。
[D] honor his unique services to the CIA。
23. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3)most probably means
[A] causing the biggest trouble。
[B] exerting the greatest effort。
[C] achieving the greatest success。
[D] enjoying the widest popularity。
24. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that
[A] Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true.
[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.
[C] Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability.
[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information。
25. Straitford is most proud of its
[A] official status.
[B] nonconformist image。
[C] efficient staff.
[D] military background。
名師解析
21. The emergence of the Net has 網絡的出現已經
[A] received support from fans like Donovan. 得到了多諾文這樣的愛好者的支持。
[B] remolded the intelligence services. 重新塑造了情報業(yè)。
[C] restored many common pastimes. 恢復了許多常見的娛樂活動。
[D] revived spying as a profession. 使情報業(yè)成為一個職業(yè)。
【答案】 B
【考點】 事實細節(jié)題。
【分析】 第一段最后一句話“These days the Net, which has remade such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail，is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well。”從上文中我們已經得知“Donovan’s vocation”指的就是“spying”(間諜)，也就是“intelligence services”(情報行業(yè))。關鍵在于對“reshape”一詞的理解，它的含義是“重新塑造”。[B]其實就是原文的另一種表述方式。“remold”就是“reshape”的意思，都表示“重新塑造，改造”。干擾項“revive”的意思是“(使)蘇醒， (使)復興， (使)復活， (使)再生效， 回想”，言下之意是將某一樣已滅亡或已很脆弱的東西重新復活或者復興。而第一段并沒有提到間諜行業(yè)曾經消失的信息，從第二段中我們了解到互聯網推動了情報行業(yè)的發(fā)展，也沒有找到任何關于情報行業(yè)曾經中斷的內容，所以[D]的說法是不正確的。[C]“restore”的含義是“使恢復， 使回復”，言下之意是將原來不完整的或者破碎的東西給復原。原文中沒有提到。[A]的錯誤在于對第一句話的誤讀。“would have loved”表示虛擬語氣，是對當時情況的一種假設，而這種假設的情況在當時是不存在的。這句話的真實意思是：如果“瘋狂的Bill Donovan還在世的話，他會愛上互聯網的”。可見“Donovan”在世的時候并沒有互聯網，所以[A]將“Donovan”說成是“互聯網的愛好者”的說法是錯誤的。
22. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to 本文提到多諾文的故事是為了
[A] introduce the topic of online spying. 引出網絡間諜這個話題。
[B] show how he fought for the U.S.. 顯示多諾文如何為美國效力的。
[C] give an episode of the information war. 提供情報戰(zhàn)的一個片斷。
[D] honor his unique services to the CIA. 表彰他為中情局所作的獨特貢獻。
【答案】 A
【考點】 作者意圖題。
【分析】 本文提到比爾·多諾文只有第一段，而文章的中心思想講的是“情報工作”和“互聯網”的關系，以及“情報工作”在網絡時代的巨大變化等等。由此不難看出，多諾文作為一個間諜只是為文章展開討論前提供了一個引子，因此[A]為正確答案。
23. The phrase“making the biggest splash”(Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means
短語“making the biggest splash”(第三段第一行)的意思很有可能是
[A] causing the biggest trouble. 造成最大的麻煩。
[B] exerting the greatest effort. 付出最大的努力。
[C] achieving the greatest success. 取得最大的成功。
[D] enjoying the widest popularity. 受到最廣泛的歡迎。
【答案】 C
【考點】 詞義題。
【分析】 考生應該能夠根據上下文對“make a splash”這個短語進行合理的推理。在中情局舉辦的一次比賽中“Straitford”公司獲勝了，被認為是“make a splash”，因此可見這里的邏輯很清楚，即“成功”和“make a splash”的意思是非常接近的。由此可以推斷出[C]是正確的。
24. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that 從第四段中我們可以得知
[A] Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true。
Straitford公司關于烏克蘭的預測被證明是正確的。
[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.
Straitford公司擔保它提供的信息的真實性。
[C] Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability。
Straitford公司的經營的一個特點是不可預測性。
[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.
Straitford公司能夠提供相當可靠的信息。
【答案】 D
【考點】 推斷題。
【分析】 第四段首句指出“該公司的總裁喬治·弗萊德曼說，他把網絡世界視為情報收集和情報發(fā)布兩者之間相互增強的工具，這就是間諜們的夢想。上周，他的公司正在收集從遠在世界的另一角落傳來的零散的信息，預測在烏克蘭將發(fā)生一場危機。弗萊德曼以前是政治科學教授，他說：‘一旦這個報道公布，我們將從烏克蘭突然新增500個注冊用戶，我們將聽到其中一些人的回應。’當然開放源的間諜活動的確有它的風險，因為
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