全國碩士研究生入學考試的英語試題及答案
無論在學習或是工作中，我們最不陌生的就是試題了，試題可以幫助學校或各主辦方考察參試者某一方面的知識才能。那么你知道什么樣的試題才能有效幫助到我們嗎？以下是小編為大家整理的全國碩士研究生入學考試英語試題及答案，歡迎閱讀與收藏。
全國碩士研究生入學考試英語試題及答案 1
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again _1_ that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by _2_. A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.
A different and not mutually exclusive _3_ holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one _4_ by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives _5_, people will simply become lazy and depressed. _6_, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for _7_ Americans. Also, some research suggests that the _8_ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting _9_ poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many _10_ the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.
But it doesn’t _11_ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the _12_ of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the _13_ of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could _14_ strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the _15_ of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.
These days, because leisure time is relatively _16_ for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional _17_ of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel _18_,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself _19_ a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for _20_ matters.
1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring
【答案】C
【解析】答案為C。動詞詞義辨析。作家學者警示人們技術會代替人類勞動。boast吹噓、自負。deny否認。ensure確保。warning警示，警告。
2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty
【答案】A
【解析】答案為A。上下文理解。根據后文富人會擁有所有資產，貧困地區也會扎堆，可以看出此處想表達不平等的意思。inequality不平等，instability不穩定性，unreliability不可靠性，uncertainty不確定性。
3.[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。詞義辨析。policy政策，guideline指導方針，resolution決心，prediction預測。該句意為：另外一種預測認為……。
4.[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured
【答案】A
【解析】答案為A。動詞詞義辨析。該句意為未來社會的特點是無目的性。
5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom
【答案】B
【解析】答案為B。詞義辨析，上下文理解。沒有了工作富裕生活的意義，人們會變得懶散沮喪。其他幾項不符合題意。
6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless
【答案】B
【解析】答案為B。考查副詞。Indeed實際上，那些失業者生活并不美好。
7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated
【答案】C
【解析】答案為C。上下文理解。前面提到失業的美國人在和工作的美國人做對比。
8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute
【答案】A
【解析】答案為A。詞義辨析。死亡率升高，心理健康問題等是因為沒有工資待遇較好的工作，這就解釋了原因問題。Explanation符合題意。
9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。介詞辨析。沒有受到良好教育的中年人中間這些問題比較嚴重。
10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside
【答案】C
【解析】答案為C。固定搭配意思辨析。Worry about擔心，leave behind丟棄，使落后make up 組成，set aside 留出，把……放在一旁。該句意為這就是為什么人們擔心未來無工作的無聊。
11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically
【答案】C
【解析】答案為C。副詞詞義辨析。Necessarily必然地，statistically統計地，occasionally偶然地，economically經濟上地。該句想表達并不必然的意思。
12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles
【答案】B
【解析】答案為B。理解上下文。前面說沒有工作會導致不安，這些觀念是來源于在職業概念的社會中失業的消極面。
13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course
【答案】A
【解析】答案為A。固定搭配。In absence of 缺乏，in height of 在…高度，in face of 面臨，in course of 在…中。該句意為如果沒有工作，也就是in absence of job。
14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。動詞詞義辨析。沒有工作的社會能為人們帶來放松。Yield 有獲得，帶來的意思，disturb打擾，妨礙，restore恢復，交還，exclude排斥
15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship
【答案】C
【解析】答案為C。詞義辨析。根據后面工作的缺點可以推測此處想表達工作的優點被過分夸大了。virtue優點，好處。
16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。詞義辨析和上下文理解。休閑時間對工作人來說相對較少。
17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats
【答案】A
【解析】答案為A。詞義辨析。閑暇時間來平衡人們的智力和情感需求。
18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved
【答案】B
【解析】答案為B。詞義理解。下班回到家感覺到疲憊。Starved饑餓的。
19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。固定搭配和介詞使用。Throw into投身于，throw off擺脫，throw against扔掉，throw behind拋開。投身到自己的愛好之中。
20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal
【答案】B
【解析】答案為B。詞義辨析。一些需要專業技能的項目。
【試題點評】完型填空為了測試考生實際應用英語的能力和語感。具體說來，是從語篇的角度綜合測試考生的閱讀理解能力、詞匯的掌握和對英語習慣用語的熟悉程度、以及語法規則的靈活運用。這部分大家一定要注重思路和尋找線索能力的訓練，一般做題的基本思路是，根據已知信息去填空，根據空前后的線索來選擇填什么。比方說，題目讓考生填主句的內容，那么從句中就會有相應的說明。題目讓考生填動詞，原文常常在別的地方出現這個動詞的同義詞。那么如何判斷呢？首先根據需要填寫動詞后面出現的賓語，找到有同一賓語的句子，該句中的動詞就是所需填寫詞的同義詞。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.
Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches。 The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers。
Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.
Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education。 Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.
1.According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has______.
[A] gained great popularity
[B] created many jobs
[C] strengthened community ties
[D] become an official festival
【答案】A
【解析】答案為A。通過題干可以定位在第一段，可以通過，每天超過五萬人跑步、引發了400場運動在英國和在國外等信息得知，公園跑很受歡迎。
2.The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to______.
[A] boost population growth
[B] promote sport participation
[C] improve the city’s image
[D] increase sport hours in schools
【答案】B
【解析】答案為B。通過題干倫敦和奧林匹克遺產可以定位到第二段，題目問的是倫敦奧運會的遺產沒有做成什么事，題干中的failed to可以對應第二段即使看到了failing，但并沒有答案。再往下看，倫敦奧運會承諾，人口將會更健康、更多冠軍，但這并沒有發生，not happed才真正對應failed to.
3.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it______.
[A] aims at discovering talents
[B] focuses on mass competition
[C] does not emphasize elitism
[D] does not attract first-timers
【答案】C
【解析】答案為C。這道題定位在第三段的中間，奧林匹克的倡導者相反，想要更多的參與運動創造更多的精英。
4.With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should______.
[A] organize “grassroots” sports events
[B] supervise local sports associations
[C] increase funds for sports clubs
[D] invest in public sports facilities
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。提到大眾體育，作者認為政府應該投資公共的體育設施。政府在第四段的中間，講到政府應該訓練的空間、用錢去鋪設網球場。這里是答案的同意轉換。
5.The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is______.
[A] tolerant
[B] critical
[C] uncertain
[D] sympathetic
【答案】B
【解析】答案為B。最后一段but轉折后說，繼任的政府賣綠地、減少本地政府的預算同時減少在體育方面的關注度，所以持批判態度。
Text 2
With so much focus on childrens use of screens, its easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”
Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
Infants are wired to look at parents faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive — as they often are when absorbed in a device — it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mothers attention. “Parents dont have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a childs verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids use of screens are born out of an "oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting" with their children: “Its based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if youre failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isnt learning from the screen doesnt mean theres no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.
26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.
[A]simplify routine matters
[B]absorb user attention
[C]better interpersonal relations
[D]increase work efficiency
【答案】B
【解析】答案為B。細節題。根據題原文第一段“……digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.”可知，B選項中absorb和promote對應，user attention和engagement 對應。
27. Radeskys food-testing exercise shows that mothers use of devices ______.
[A]takes away babies appetite
[B]distracts childrens attention
[C]slows down babies verbal development
[D]reduces mother-child communication
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。細節題。根據原文第二段“She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.” 可知，D選項中reduce communication和started fewer verbal and fewer nonverbal interactions對應。
28. Radeskys cites the "still face experiment" to show that _______.
[A]it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions
[B]verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange
[C]children are insensitive to changes in their parents mood
[D]parents need to respond to childrens emotional needs
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。例證題。根據原文第三段“……there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a childs verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need” 可知，D選項中need to respond to children s emotional needs和本句同意替換。因此D選項是正確選項。
29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.
[A]protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies
[B]teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year
[C]ensure constant interaction with their children
[D]remain concerned about kids use of screens
【答案】C
【解析】答案為C。細節題。根據原文第四段“……oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting with their children.”可知，C選項中constant interaction 與always be interacting 同義替換，因此C選項是正確選項。
30. According to Tronick, kids use of screens may_______.
[A]give their parents some free time
[B]make their parents more creative
[C]help them with their homework
[D]help them become more attentive
【答案】A
【解析】答案為A。細節題。根據原文第四段“……particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child.”可知，A選項give their parents some free time和gives parents time 同義替換。
Text 3
Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesnt it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesnt feel natural to spend a year doing something that isnt academic.
But while this may be true, its not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. Theres always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated "race to the finish line," whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits-in fact, it probably enhances it.
Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes-all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.
If youre not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.
31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____.
[A]they think it academically misleading
[B]they have a lot of fun to expect in college
[C]it feels strange to do differently from others
[D]it seems worthless to take off-campus courses
【答案】C
【解析】答案為C。細節題。根據原文第一段第二句話“After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it?”可知，本句用反問的形式表達了原因之一在于他們不想和其他人不同。所以C正確。
32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.
[A]keep students from being unrealistic
[B]lower risks in choosing careers
[C]ease freshmens financial burdens
[D]relieve freshmen of pressures
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。細節題。根據原文第三段的第二句話“Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.”可知，此句中pushes them ahead by preparing them for...與D選項 relieve freshmen of 進行同義改寫。often struggle with the most對應的是本句中的Pressure，first-years students 對應freshmen。D選項全方位替換。
33. The word "acclimation" (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to_____.
[A]adaptation
[B]application
[C]motivation
[D]competition
【答案】A
【解析】答案為A。詞義題。根據原文第三段最后一句話“Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.”可知，當談到適應大學生活并且很快融入到一個全新的.環境這個問題時，擁有空檔年方面的經驗可以減少相關的打擊，這就使得專注去學習并且參與活動而不是______更容易。各選項代入，A最符合語義，和前面的adjusting to形成復現。
34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.
[A]avoid academic failures
[B]establish long-term goals
[C]switch to another college
[D]decide on the right major
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。細節題。根據原文第四段第一句和第三句話“If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.”可知，本句中financial impact與題干中的money 相對應，順沿看后面的信息第三句“This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes.”可知，學生在確定專業時會有困難。綜合前后語義，可知 D正確。
35. The most suitable title for this text would be_____.
[A]In Favor of the Gap Year
[B]The ABCs of the Gap Year
[C]The Gap Year Comes Back
[D]The Gap Year: A Dilemma
【答案】A
【解析】答案為A。主旨題。本文開篇通過學生對于空檔年的看法——不接受，引出文章的主題詞the Gap Year。第二段通過BUT作為轉折，引出作者的態度，提到空檔年的各種好處，可以幫助新生緩解壓力，可以幫助學生確定專業以減少經濟上的一些損失，由此可見，作者是支持、贊成的態度。所以A選項正確。
Text 4
Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.
In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires-nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agencys other work-such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep-that affect the lives of all Americans.
Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?
“Its already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”
Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.
For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change-how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.
While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldnt come at the expense of the rest of the equation.
“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”
At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fires inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.
“Weve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”
36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they_____.
[A]exhausted unprecedented management efforts
[B]consumed a record-high percentage of budget
[C]severely damaged the ecology of western states
[D]caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure
【答案】B
【解析】答案為B。細節題，根據原文第二段“In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.”可知，B選項中a record-high percentage of budget與nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago對應，因此B選項是正確選項。
37.Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to _____.
[A]raise more funds for fire-prone areas
[B]avoid the redirection of federal money
[C]find wildfire-free parts of the landscape
[D]guarantee safer spending of public funds
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。細節題，根據原文第四We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”可知，選項D guarantee safer spending of public funds是本句的同義替換，因此D選項是正確選項。
38.While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____.
[A]public debates have not settled yet
[B]fire-fighting conditions are improving
[C]other factors should not be overlooked
[D]a shift in the view of fire has taken place
【答案】C
【解析】答案為C。細節題，根據原文第七段“While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.”可知，選項C other factors should not be overlooked 是對本句的同義替換，因此選項C是正確選項。
39.The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____.
[A]discover the fundamental makeup of nature
[B]explore the mechanism of the human systems
[C]maximize the role of landscape in human life
[D]understand the interrelations of man and nature
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。細節題，根據原文第八段：“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be,……”可知，選項D中 the interrelations of man and nature和The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked對應，因此選項D是正確選項。
40.Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.
[A]do away with
[B]come to terms with
[C]pay a price for
[D]keep away from
【答案】B
【解析】答案為B。細節題，根據原文第九段“But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible,”可知，選項B come to terms with是本句的同義替換，因此選項B 是正確選項。
【試題點評】今年四篇文章難度一般。在我們整體的考研閱讀當中，所需要具備的一個最重要的能力就是如何去看到題目之后，定準了位，并且找到那個我們真正應該找到的位置，在四個選項當中去找意思的原文最匹配的選項。
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. "We dont make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.
Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.
But there is also a different way to look at the data.
Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.
For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers-and upward pressure on wages. "Theyre harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but theyve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.
At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.
At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils hes trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. Its his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I love working with tools. I love creating." he says.
But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.
These concerns arent misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.
"The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "Therere enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you dont need to have much skill. Its that gap in between, and thats where the problem is."
Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives," she says.
[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.
41. Jay Deuwell [B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill.
42. Jason Stenquist [C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore.
43. Birgit Klohs [D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.
44. Rob Spohr [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.
45.Julie Parks [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.
[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents.
41.【答案】E
【解析】答案為E。根據題干人名Jay Deuwell定位文中“They’re harder to find and they have job offers,”他們很難發現他們有工作邀請。harder對應選項 stiff（艱難地）。答案選E。
42. 【答案】A
【解析】答案為A。根據題干人名Jason Stenquist對應文中“I love working with tools. I love creating”，我愛與工具打交道，我喜歡創新，tool對應選項tools。答案選A。
43. 【答案】G
【解析】答案為G。根據題干人名Birgit Klohs，定位文中“remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,”記住他們的爸爸媽媽都下崗了，他們歸因于生產蕭條。文中blame對應選項blame。答案選G。
44. 【答案】B
【解析】答案為B。根據人名Rob Spohr，對應文中“The gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of skill,”工作之間的差距是那個不需要技能，而那些需要很多技能。文中skill對應選項skill（技能）。答案選B。
45. 【答案】F
【解析】答案為F。題干問Julie的觀點，對應文中“We’ve never had so much attention from manufacturers.”我從沒有得到過這么多來自制造商的注意，attraction對應選項attract（吸引）。答案選F。
【試題點評】新題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結構和內容上的聯系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關系，對諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征有較強的意識和熟練的把握，并具備運用語法知識分析理解長難句的能力。新題型有三種題型，不同的題型考查的重點不同，因此有不同的解題思路和技巧，需要考生全面把握，尤其是對于完形填句（段）題和排序題，是對語言能力和閱讀理解能力的綜合測試，因此在要求上遠遠高于小標題選擇題和觀點例證題，考生有必要對這類題型的答題思路多練習，以提高自己在這個部分的應試能力。
Section III Translation
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
46.My Dream
My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion”.
【答案】我的夢想
我一直夢想著能找到一個結合時尚與出版的工作。中學畢業前兩年，我學習了縫紉設計課程，認為自己繼而能夠學習時尚設計。然而，期間，發現自己在該領域不夠優秀，不足以在未來與其他富有創造力的人競爭。因此，得出結論：這條道路不適合我。在申請大學之前，我告訴大家自己會選擇新聞專業，因為寫作一直都是我最喜歡的事情之一。但是，說實話，當時這樣說，是因為我認為時尚于我而言就是個夢想。我知道完全沒有人相信我會進入時尚這一行。因此，我決定去尋找一些課程，既與時尚相關、又涉及寫作。就在這時，我注意到了《時尚媒體與營銷》這門課程。
【試題點評】翻譯考查考生在準確理解的基礎上，按照英語語法結構拆分句子，準確、通順翻譯漢語的能力。本次考試的翻譯考點主要包含對并列句、定語從句、狀語從句及固定詞組等翻譯的考查。
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions: Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to
1) accept the invitation, and
2) introduce the key points of your presentation
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead.
Don’t write your address. (10 points)
【參考范文】
Dear Professor Williams,
I felt much honored when I received your invitation to give a presentation about Chinese culture to the international students of your college. I would much like to do this job. So I am writing to tell you something about the presentation to be given.
The focus of my presentation will be Chinese traditional festivals, such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-autumn Day. In the speech, I will introduce the origin and conventions of these festivals. For example, the Mid-Autumn Day, falling on the 15th of August in the Chinese lunar calendar, is a traditional Chinese holiday for family members and loved ones to gather together. In addition to enjoying the glorious full moon on this day, Chinese people will also eat festival-moon cakes, recite ancient Chinese poems as well as guess lantern riddles. I believe these knowledge will help the foreign students obtain a deeper understanding of Chinese culture.
I am really looking forward to sharing these with all of the international students.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Part B
48. Directions：
You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. （15 points）
【參考范文】
Reflected in the chart given above are the respective changes in the numbers of museums and their visitors in China from the year 2013 to 2015. It can be clearly seen that the number of museums was on a continuous rise from 6378 to 7811 in the two years, up more than 22%, and so did that of the visitors, with an increase of nearly 13% from 4165 to 4692.
What might account for the notable growths? Reasons are many, but the most important one, as far as I am concerned, is that with the boom of Chinese economy in recent years, our government has been placing an increasingly high value on the inheritance of traditional culture, which connects modern people with the historical past, allowing them to acquire a cultural and historical identity. What’s more, more attention is paid to tour Chinese traditional culture since the Chinese have improved living standards.
With the development of China, the increasing trend is bound to continue for some time in the future. From my perspective, it is a positive trend and should be encouraged, for it is not only beneficial for the preservation and rejuvenation of our ancestral heritages but also conducive to the cultural diversity of the world.
全國碩士研究生入學考試英語試題及答案 2
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.
Companies located in place with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R and development).Thats because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future.
The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.
7 enough, firms investment and R intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But it is really happiness thats linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R To find out, the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry , and sales-and-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.
The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to "less confined decision making process" and the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment. The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seem to invest more in places.
17 this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. Its not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward -thinking and creative and 20 R more than the average," said one researcher.
1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when
【答案】C
【解析】根據空格所在句子可以看出，空格處應該是一個引導賓語從句的從屬連詞，做influence的賓語。四個選項的意思中，只有C. how引導后面的內容做influence的賓語，前后意思合理。
2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion
【答案】B
【解析】空格的前一句話的內容是：坐落在幸福人群所在地的公司投資更多的錢。空格所在句的內容是：坐落在幸福人群所在地的公司在…方面投入更多的錢。很顯然，前后句子是總分關系。選項中，只有B選項可以體現總分關系。
3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary
【答案】D
【解析】根據空格處前后的內容，_____ for making investments for the future是做后置定語修飾longer-term thinking和happiness。幸福，這種持久的思維模式對于對未來進行投資_______，四個選項中只有D. necessary 做后置定語符合前后內容。
4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism
【答案】C
【解析】空格處的內容與inclination for risk-taking由and連接，構成并列關系，后面that come with happiness定語從句既修飾空格處的內容，也修飾inclination for risk-taking，所以選項中可以由that come with happiness修飾的只有C選項optimism。
5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change
【答案】D
【解析】空格處的內容和the way companies invested構成動賓搭配。只有D選項可以和the way companies invested構成通順語義。故D項正確。
6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed
【答案】B
【解析】原文：So they compared U.S. cities average happiness_______ by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas. 所以他們比較美國城市的平均幸福，這種幸福是根據蓋洛普在上市公司的投資活動地區民意調查來________。 A imagined 想象，D assumed 假定與民意調查的客觀性是不符的，故排除，C invented 發明，與文意不符，故選B measured，衡量，測量。
7. [A] sure [B] odd [C] unfortunate [D] often
【答案】A
【解析】此空的答案需要結合文章上下文來判斷。這句話和本篇完型的第二段的首句的含義是相同的。本段首句其實是對于這一中心的重復闡述，因此選A。
8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered
【答案】D
【解析】原文：firms investment and R intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were _________.公司的投資與研發強度與公司所_______的地區的幸福度相關。依據第7題的答案，我們可以推斷，這句話所填寫的單詞和located應該是近義，故選D，headquartered設立總部。
9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize
【答案】A
【解析】原文：…could something else about happier cities ______ why firms there spend more on R 此句也是對于本文中心的再次論證。還有其他的什么可以__________公司在幸福的城市加入研發投入力度嗎? 這句話之后就是具體的原因陳述。故選A express 解釋，闡釋。
10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods
【答案】B
【解析】原文：To find out, the researchers controlled for various ________that might make firms more likely to invest - like size, industry, and sales ,為了找到答案,研究人員控制了各種各樣的可能會讓公司加大投資的_______--比如大小、行業和銷量--，聯系上下文，我們可以看出，這個空格其實就是下文size, industry, and sales的上義詞，可以包含這三個名詞的內容。故選B factors 原因，因素。
11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable
【答案】A
【解析】該句意思為：研究者掌控了各種使公司更愿意投資的因素(比如規模、行業、銷售)，也掌控了居住起來____的住處的征兆(比如工資或人數的增長)。此處需填入形容詞，前后兩句為并列關系，感情色彩應保持一致，所填詞應和空前more likely to invest更可能投資，以及空后like舉例的內容漲工資一致，也是好事，所以答案desirable可取的、令人滿意的為正確選項。
12. [A] resumed [B] held [C] emerged [D] broke
【答案】B
【解析】即使說明這些問題，總體來講，快樂與投資之間的關系____。Resume繼續、重新開始，hold保持不變，維持，emerge出現，break破裂。前后為遞進，說明這些問題后，二者關系應仍然保持不變，所以hold為正確答案。
13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D] compare
【答案】A
【解析】該句意思為：快樂與投資之間的相互關系對年輕的企業特別強烈，作者把這一點____于"缺少編纂的做決定過程"。此處考搭配，attribute…to把……歸咎于，assign…to把……指派給，transfer…to把……傳遞給，compare…to把……相比較，其中attribute…to符合文意，作者把這一點歸因于于"缺少編纂的做決定過程"。
14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D] experienced
【答案】D
【解析】該題為并列平行關系考查，and前后情感色彩、所屬范疇應保持一致，younger并列，應為less experienced缺少經驗的，故為正確答案。
15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never
【答案】C
【解析】該句話上一句為The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong，此句為The relationship was 15 stronger，顯然，二者之間為并列關系，因此選擇also也。
16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally
【答案】D
【解析】此題考查副詞。四個選項中，A選項rapidly意為"迅速地"， B選項regularly意為"常規地"，C選項意為directly"直接地"，D選項equally"平等地"。此處討論的是公司投資與快樂之間的關系。空格后指出，相較于在快樂不平等的地方，或者幸福感有巨大鴻溝的地方，公司更愿意在大多數人都較為幸福的領域投資， D選項equally是對inequality的反義復現，因此，D選項是正確選項。
17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since
【答案】C
【解析】此處考察上下文的邏輯關系。上文指出，公司愿意在幸福的領域里投資， 而空格后則提到"這并不能證明幸福引發了公司擴大投資或者采用較長遠的眼光看問題"，顯然，這二者之間是轉折關系，正確選項為C選項While "然而"。
18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes
【答案】C
【解析】空格所在句的前半句質疑了投資與幸福的關系，后半句的作者表現的態度是"believe"， 因此此處要填入一個表積極立場的詞，且能與后面的at that possibility構成搭配， 表明"作者"的認可態度。A選項arrive"到達"，B選項jumps"跳躍"，D選項strikes"打擊;罷工"，均不能與at that possibility搭配，C選項hints"暗示"符合語意，因此正確答案為C。
19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share
【答案】A
【解析】結合文意，此處是在正面論述"當地文化和氛圍"對公司運營的影響，且二者之間的因果關系一直貫穿全文。四個選項中，A選項shape意為"形成，塑造" B選項rediscover"重新發現"， C選項simplify"簡化"，D選項share"分享"， 其中只有A 選項最貼近語意，因此正確答案為A。
20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send act
【答案】B
【解析】此處考察固定詞組。 A選項pray for意為"為……祈禱"，B選項lean towards意為"向……傾斜"，C選項give away意為"泄露; 失去;贈送"，D選項send out意為"發送，發出"。空格所在句的前后語意為"快樂的人比普通人更加的具有正向思維，更有創造力，并且更加的_____研究和發展。"可知最符合文意的只能是選項B。
【試題點評】2016年完形填空的整體思路仍是以實詞為主的，緊跟往年出題思路。文章主旨在文章的首句及每一段的開頭句中，答案分配也比較均勻。本題型為了測試考生實際應用英語的'能力和語感。具體說來，是從語篇的角度綜合測試考生的閱讀理解能力、詞匯的掌握和對英語習慣用語的熟悉程度、以及語法規則的靈活運用。這部分大家一定要注重思路和尋找線索能力的訓練，一般做題的基本思路是，根據已知信息去填空，根據空前后的線索來選擇填什么。比方說，題目讓考生填主句的內容，那么從句中就會有相應的說明。題目讓考生填動詞，原文常常在別的地方出現這個動詞的同義詞。那么如何判斷呢？首先根據需要填寫動詞后面出現的賓語，找到有同一賓語的句子，該句中的動詞就是所需填寫詞的同義詞。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellons School of Computer Science.
However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that its not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers - but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. Its not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.
Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.
The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps thats become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in," said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.
The students in the Flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn - how to think logically through a problem and organize the results - apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.
Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes -for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want -the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that -the better.
21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _______
[A] complete future job training
[B] remodel the way of thinking
[C] formulate logical hypotheses
[D] perfect artwork production
【答案】B
【解析】觀點題。根據題干Cortina holds回文定位在第二段。第二段指出Cortina認為過早的接觸電腦是有益的，緊接著指出當小孩子學習電腦科學，他們就學習了如何去開發手機應用程序，或者創作藝術，或者驗證假設。對于他們來說與大孩子相比，改變思維并不難。綜上所述，[B]remodel the way of thinking是對原文"transform their thought"的同義置換。
22.In delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has considered their________
[A] experience
[B] interest
[C] career prospects
[D] academic backgrounds
【答案】B
【解析】事實細節題。根據題干關鍵信息"in delivering lessons for high-schoolers"、"Flatiron has considered"，定位到第三段。整個第三段在敘述Flatiron School。其中，第三行The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in"(高中生們上同樣的課程，但是"我們力圖以他們的興趣來調整課程")，表明了該校開設課程的依據是"學生的興趣"，故選[B] interest。
23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ________
[A] help students learn other computer languages
[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come
[C] need improving when students look for jobs
[D] enable students to make big quick money
【答案】A
【解析】細節題。根據Deborah Seehorn 定位到文章第五段最后一句。Deborah說他們學習的技能(如何思考問題具有邏輯性并組織結果)可以應用到編碼語言中去。選項[A]幫助學生學習另外的電腦語言是對這句話的概括。
24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ______
[A] bring forth innovative computer technologies
[B] stay longer in the information technology industry
[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world
[D] compete with a future army of programmers
【答案】C
【解析】推理題。根據題干關鍵詞"the last paragraph"和"Flatiron students"回文定位在最后一段。最后一段第一句指出Flatiron的學生不會全都進入IT界。緊接著第二句說明培養編碼人員不是唯一目的，第三句進一步指出這些學生將會一生"被電腦包圍"(生活在電腦時代)，對比四個所給選項，[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world與原文意思一致，故正確。
25.The word "coax"(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to ________
[A] persuade
[B] frighten
[C] misguide
[D] challenge
【答案】A
【解析】詞義題。根據題干關鍵信息"coax"(Line 4, Para.6)，定位到最后一段第四行how to coax the machine into producing what they want(如何…電腦生產他們想要的)，且該部分是與how computers think(電腦是如何思維的)并列的，都是學生學習的具體內容。正是因為兩者并列，因此根據單詞think可知coax同樣含有一定比喻色彩，且coax指的是"讓電腦生產他們想要的"一種手段或方式。persuade"勸說，勸誘"，即"勸誘電腦生產他們想要的"，語意恰當，是正確選項，本題正確答案為[A] persuade。
Text 2
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species historic range.
The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened ."The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats .But Ashe and others argued that the" threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action. and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chickens habitat.
Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat , USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let "states" remain in the driver s seat for managing the species," Ashe said.
Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesnt go far enough. "The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, " says biologist Jay Lininger.
26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____.
[A]its drastically decreased population
[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage
[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists
[D]the insistence of private landowners
【答案】A
【解析】本題屬于細節題，考查了考生對文章首段中關于草原雞數量的變化的理解。根據對首段首句當中生物學家預測的數量是2百萬，而在首段末句出現but轉折以及末句當中關于草原雞現在真實的剩余數量只有2萬2千只，都可以說明草原雞的數量急劇的下降；另外，這道題還有一種做法是通過第二段首句的主語的作用，某些情況下，文章中間段落的首句主語起到承上啟下的作用，那么中間段落首句主語就會有概括上一段的作用，本文第二段的首句：The crash was a main reason USFWS decided to formally list the bird as threatened. 就是對第26題題干和正確選項的同義替換，根據第二段第一句的主語：the crash (這種暴跌)，對應正確選項A。
27.The "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____.
[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure
[B]would involve fewer agencies in action
[C]granted less federal regulatory power
[D]went against conservation policies
【答案】D
【解析】本題屬于推理題，根據題干信息：the "Threatened"tag 令許多環境學家感到失望，定位到第二段的第三句，因此，原因應該出自第三句之后，而第四句和第五句中間有很明顯的轉折詞but,因此答案定位在第五句，很多同學可能會問，這里并沒有表示原因的詞去與題干當中的in that進行對應，但是在我們的鉆石卡的課程中提到，原文當中給出原因的并不一定是直接給出表示原因的連詞或者介詞，在本文第三句的but Ashe and others argued that the "threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches. 當中的gave這個詞是"使得"的意思，A使得B如何如何，也就是A是B的原因，因此這道題的答案是D (違反了保護措施)。
28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____.
[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation
[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job
[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
【答案】B
【解析】本題屬于推理題，根據題干當中給出的位置信息(第三段)以及表示條件與結果的邏輯關系的if這個信息，可以迅速定位到第三段的第一句，其中題干當中的if與文章當中的as long as 進行對應，而題干當中的表示結果的部分與as long as 之前進行對應，因此，正確選項應該出自as long as 之后，也就是原文當中的：they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. "簽訂一系列管理計劃去恢復草原雞的棲息地"，對應到的正確選項是B (volunteer to set up an equally big habitat 幫助搭建同樣大小的棲息地)。
29.According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species in______.
[A]the federal government
[B]the wildlife agencies
[C]the landowners
[D]the states
【答案】D
【解析】本題屬于細節題。答案定位在文章第三段最后一句，從Ashe所說的話中"states remain in the drivers seat for managing the species"可以得出，選項D the states在管理物種方面起著領導作用。
30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______.
[A]industry groups
[B]the win-win rhetoric
[C]environmental groups
[D]the plan under challenge
【答案】B
【解析】本題屬于推斷題。答案定位在文章最后一段，從Jay Lininger所說的話中，可以得知他認為政府應該為導致鳥類瀕臨滅絕的產業負責任，因此可以得出，他最可能支持本段開頭所提出的雙贏的說法。
Text 3
That everyones too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: Theres never any time to read.
What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques dont seem sufficient. The webs full of articles offering tips on making time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times." But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesnt work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else youre so exhausted that a challenging books the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption." Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which cant be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.
In fact, "becoming more efficient" is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and youll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. "The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt," writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and "we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them." No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.
So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. Youd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us "step outside times flow" into "soul time." You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. "Carry a book with you at all times" can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if youre "making time to read," but just reading, and making time for everything else.
31. The usual time-management techniques dont work because .
[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind
[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading
[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them
[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed
【答案】[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed
【解析】細節題。根據題干回文定位到第二段第一句"what makes…management techniques dont seem sufficient",，但是這句并沒有提及原因。真正的原因是第二段最后一句"Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which cant be obtained merely by becoming more efficient"。(深度閱讀需要的不僅僅是時間，而且僅僅通過高效率所獲得的那種時間也不夠)，因此選項D what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed為正確答案。
32. The "empty bottles" metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .
[A] their to-do lists
[B] make passing time fulfilling
[C] carry their plans through
[D] pursue carefree reading
【答案】B
【解析】細節題。根據題干回文定位到第三段第五句：we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles(days, hours, minutes) as they pass。故正確答案應該與to fill…相一致。這句話中將時間單位天，小時和分鐘比喻成了不同大小的瓶子。而壓力來自于我們填充這些大小不一的瓶子時，即把自己的時間充實起來時。故正確答案為選項B。
33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .
[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set
[B] develop online reading habits
[C] promote ritualistic reading
[D] achieve immersive reading
【答案】D
【解析】細節題。根據題干定位到第四段第二句：…such ritualistic behavior helps us "step outside times flow" into "soul time. (這種儀式化行為指代有助于我們從拜托時間流進入靈魂閱讀)，soul time 即選項D 中immersive reading (沉浸式閱讀)，故正確答案為選項D。
34. "Carry a book with you at all times" can work if .
[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day
[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with
[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading
[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business
【答案】A
【解析】細節題。根據題干中的carry a book with you at all times can work if, 可以定位到第四段倒數第二句 "providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state"(假定你經常沉浸在閱讀中，以至于閱讀成為一種默認設置)，因此可以確定選項A reading becomes your primary business of the day(閱讀成為你一天中的主要事情)為正確答案。
35. The best title for this text could be .
[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading
[B] How to Find Time to Read
[C] How to Set Reading Goals
[D] How to Read Extensively
【答案】B
【解析】主旨題。根據文章首段轉折之后出主旨。But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: Theres never any time to read.(但是其中一個特別悲哀的抱怨是：沒有時間閱讀)。第二、三、四段都在論證深度閱讀才是解決之道。因此選項Dhow to find time to read為正確答案。
Text 4
Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.
Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.
Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.
From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.
Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those "just getting started in life" face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.
Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said." I cant afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen." Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young."I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didnt have college degrees,"Schneider said."I dont think people are capable of that anymore. "
36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is .
[A] trying out different lifestyles
[B] having a family with children
[C] working beyond retirement age
[D] setting up a profitable business
【答案】B
【解析】根據題干給出的mark, successful life等詞可以定位到第二段的第一句話，successful life可以找到原詞，而mark對應milestone，including后面的內容就是這種生活的特征，包含"結婚，有孩子，有家，60歲退休"，和選項對比，只有B項符合原文給出的特征。
37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to .
[A] favor a slower life pace
[B] hold an occupation longer
[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance
[D] give priority to childcare outside the home
【答案】C
【解析】根據題干給出的段落序號可以定位到第三段，另又提到young people，故可以定位到第三段開頭第一句話。題干問的是年輕人傾向于……，題干中的tend在這句話中可以找到同意置換詞more likely，句子中后面有5個to do表示年輕人傾向于做什么，所以答案就在這些動詞不定式中。和選項對比，只有C項符合原文的含義"婚前或者有孩子之前要有經濟保障"，屬于同意替換。
38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will .
[A] become increasingly clear
[B] focus on materialistic issues
[C] depend largely on political preferences
[D] reach almost all aspects of American life
【答案】D
【解析】根據題干給出的the priorities and expectations等詞可以定位到第四段的第一句話的中間，that后面的內容是對這兩個名詞的修飾，故答案應該在這個從句中。和選項對比，只有D項符合原文。
39. Both young and old agree that .
[A] good-paying jobs are less available
[B] the old made more life achievements
[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain
[D] getting established is harder for the young
【答案】D
【解析】根據題干給出的young and old等詞可以定位到第五段開頭，這句話有冒號，解釋key point，所以答案應該在冒號之后，題目問的是他們同意什么，也就是觀點，所以可以再縮小范圍為believe后面的內容為正確選項的含義。和選項對比，只有D項符合原文，屬于同意替換。
40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?
[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college
[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success
[C] His parents good life has little to do with a college degree
[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging
【答案】C
【解析】根據題干給出的Schenider可以定位到最后一段開頭。這段話開頭就說這個人認為今天的生活更艱難，后面的內容都在介紹他的生活。因為題干除了這個人名之外并沒有給出其他更細定位的信息，可以選擇從選項定位入手反推正確答案。C項說到父母的好生活在第四、五句有提到，尤其引號中的內容和選項相符，故為正確答案。
【試題點評】英二閱讀基本圍繞經濟類、生活類、文化類、法律類等主題來選材；出題方面，主要題型包括細節題、推理題、詞義句意題、主旨題等。而在我們整體的考研閱讀當中，所需要具備的一個最重要的能力就是如何去看到題目之后，定準了位，并且找到那個我們真正應該找到的位置，在四個選項當中去找意思的原文最匹配的選項。
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A] Be silly
[B] Have fun
[C] Ask for help
[D] Express your emotions.
[E] Dont overthink it
[F] Be easily pleased
[G] Notice things
Act Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age.
(1) As adults, it seems that were constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they dont need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps its time to learn a few lessons from them.
41_____
【答案】D (Express your emotions)
【解析】emotions一詞在本段中原詞復現了兩次，而且出現了其下義詞，比如sad, angry，本段最后一句提到對待情緒的方式是：acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately。選項D與此完全對應。因此確定正確答案為D選項。
(2) What does a child do when hes sad? He cries. When hes angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and dont dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. Thats about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we feel appropriately and then-again, like children-move on.
42______
【答案】F (Be easily pleased)
【解析】該段通過舉例來說明段落主題，提到it cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed，本句話的含義是"雖然禮物不值錢，但是讓她特別開心"。并且核心詞overjoyed與小標題F中pleased屬于近義詞。該段第二句話在轉折后提到the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels，即"這些東西對我們的幸福水平影響很小。"接著最后一句總結到"感激生活中的小事情是提升我們幸福感的一個好方式"，因此本段重點在于強調要感激生活中的小事情，所以正確答案是F選項。
A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was 9 years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldnt bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.
43_______
【答案】A (Be silly)
【解析】該段開頭提及一個問題，那么問題的答案正是本段的中心句。第二句正是對問題的解答，根據本句話的前半部分：if we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, 核心詞silliness與選項A中的silly為同源詞，因此確定選項A為正確答案。
Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and ever have a greater chance of fighting off infection. All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.
44______
【答案】B (Have fun)
【解析】首先明確本段中第二句為轉折句，在找段落中心時，是必讀部分。本句話含義是"成年人有能力按照自己的想法去享受時光(enjoy the things)"，緊接著下句舉例說明享受的這些快樂的事情分別有哪些。因此本段重點在于說明成年人可以按照自己的意愿享受快樂時光。故選擇 Have fun。
The problem with being a grownup is that theres an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and its important that we schedule in time to enjoy the thing we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?)-it doesnt matter, so long as theyre enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if youre on a tight budget.
45______
【答案】E (Dont overthink it)
【解析】該段主題句是段落首句its important to add that we shouldnt try too hard to be happy，強調"我們不應該著急要快樂"。第二句借科學家的話提到這樣做的不良影響，下文更是引用哲學家莊子的話來證明這一論點，最后一句再次突出，我們應以孩子為榜樣，對于孩子來說，快樂不是一個目標，而是他們生活方式的自然副產品。可見，該段整體上是總分的結構，先提出論點再論證。此外too hard與選項E中的overthink屬于近義表達，natural與overthink是反義復現。因此，答案選E。
Having said all of the above, its important to add that we shouldnt try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can back fire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: "Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness." And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.
Section III Translation
46.Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff youll see, and the more stuff you see, the more youll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally-which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.
【參考譯文】超市旨在吸引顧客在自己店內停留盡量長的時間。原因很簡單：顧客在店里停留的時間越長，看到的商品就會越多；而看到的商品越多，你就會買的越多。超市有大量商品。根據食品營銷研究院所說，普通超市大概有44000種不同的商品；很多超市更是會比普通超市多上萬種商品。眾多選擇足以讓顧客面臨各種信息，不堪重負。根據腦部掃描實驗，需要做這么多的決定很快就會使我們難以承受。大約購物40分鐘以后，大部分顧客就無法試圖做出理性的選擇，而會沖動購物--此時，在購物車里，我們已經裝了一半根本沒想買的東西。
【試題點評】原文出自《國家地理》中的Surviving the Sneaky Psychology of Supermarkets超市購物的心理學，考查考生在準確理解的基礎上，按照英語語法結構拆分句子，準確、通順翻譯漢語的能力。本次考試的翻譯考點主要包含對并列句、定語從句、狀語從句及固定詞組等翻譯的考查。
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend, Jack, wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation. Write him a reply to
1) thank him, and
2) give you advice
You should write about 100 on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
【參考范文】
Dear Jack,
Your letter of congratulations was received. Thank you for your nice words on my winning the contest. In the letter, you asked me about the skills to do translation, so the following are my advice for you.
Firstly, you should analyze the sentence structure, thus catching the meaning of the sentence. Secondly, find the proper words to translate the meaning of the source language into the target language. Thirdly, revise your translation at least three times to check if there are any mistranslations or missed meanings.
I hope my advice helpful. Wish to see you soon.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
【參考范文】
Portrayed in the above pie chart is a survey of college students purposes of traveling. The number of students who take traveling as a chance to see beautiful scenes accounts for 37%, while students who would like to travel to relieve pressure from study take up 35 %.
There are several reasons behind the trend revealed in the above chart. To begin with, as the present society is filled with fierce competition, most college students nowadays are under great pressure to stand out among others or to lunch a decent job after graduation. Therefore, they tend to choose traveling as an outlet to relieve their stress. Secondly, with the fast advancement of the living standards of Chinese families, traveling is increasingly affordable to most college students. For this reason, students prefer to travel to see different views to enjoy themselves or to make some friends.
From my perspective, no matter what reason it is for, traveling is of great benefit for students to acquire a broader perspective of life. If time permits, we college students should go to see the outside world more often.
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